{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T05:53:17Z","timestamp":1768456397520,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":843,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) are the most common non epithelial tumor of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They arise from interstitial cells of Cajal present in the myenteric plexus. They can also arise outside the GI tract from mesentery, retro peritoneum and omentum. With the advent of new targeted molecular therapy c- tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Imatinib), it has become important to differentiate between response and pseudo-progression of the disease as response evaluation criteria for GIST are different from Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Purpose of this pictorial essay is to enumerate the characteristic CT features of GIST, and discuss atypical features and response evaluation criteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijri.ijri_354_18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T10:27:11Z","timestamp":1562668031000},"page":"133-140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) from esophagus to anorectum \u2013 diagnosis, response evaluation and surveillance on computed tomography (CT) scan"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Sushil N","family":"Panbude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suman K","family":"Ankathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anant T","family":"Ramaswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avanish P","family":"Saklani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.72005","article-title":"Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A 7-year experience from a tertiary care hospital","volume":"53","author":"V A Lakshmi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(02)00899-9","article-title":"Management of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumours","volume":"3","author":"H Joensuu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60780-6","article-title":"Gastrointestinal stromal tumour","volume":"369","author":"B P Rubin","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2008.00020.x","article-title":"Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs): A review","volume":"117","author":"S E Steigen","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"1293","article-title":"Biological and clinical review of stromal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"15","author":"T Nishida","year":"2000","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02557518","article-title":"The GIST of targeted cancer therapy: A tumor (gastrointestinal stromal tumor), a mutated gene (c-kit), and a molecular inhibitor (STI571)","volume":"9","author":"R P DeMatteo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2011-0082-RA","article-title":"Predictors of response to targeted therapies for gastrointestinal stromal tumors","volume":"136","author":"A Marrari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2016.11.011","article-title":"Tumour review GEIS guidelines for gastrointestinal sarcomas (GIST)","volume":"55","author":"A Poveda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.12.10003","article-title":"Imatinib and beyond in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A radiologist\u2019s perspective","volume":"201","author":"S H Tirumani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2017.18.1.84","article-title":"Update on Gastrointestinal stromal tumors for radiologists","volume":"18","author":"S H Tirumani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2013.04.005","article-title":"Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST): Lesser known facts","volume":"37","author":"K N O\u2019Regan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20140476","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20140476","article-title":"MDCT features of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumours","volume":"87","author":"S H Tirumani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200104053441404","article-title":"Effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 in a patient with a metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor","volume":"344","author":"H Joensuu","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.6728","article-title":"Correlation of long-term results of imatinib in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors with next-generation sequencing results","volume":"3","author":"M C Heinrich","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soc.2011.12.004","article-title":"Updates on the management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors","volume":"21","author":"Z M Bamboat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg Oncol Clin N Am"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i14.2077","article-title":"Preoperative diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration","volume":"13","author":"K Akahoshi","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/1758834014522491","article-title":"Recent advances in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors","volume":"6","author":"C Serrano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ther Adv Med Oncol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2012.10.009","article-title":"Sorafenib as third- or fourth-line treatment of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour and pretreatment including both imatinib and sunitinib, and nilotinib: A retrospective analysis","volume":"49","author":"M Montemurro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61857-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of regorafenib for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours after failure of imatinib and sunitinib (GRID): An international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"381","author":"G D Demetri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.335125214","article-title":"Response criteria in oncologic imaging: Review of traditional and new criteria","volume":"33","author":"T Tirkes","year":"2013","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.183.6.01831619","article-title":"CT Evaluation of the response of gastrointestinal stromal tumors after imatinib mesylate treatment: A quantitative analysis correlated with FDG PET findings","volume":"183","author":"H Choi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"2639","article-title":"Imaging of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: From diagnosis to evaluation of therapeutic response","volume":"36","author":"F Vernuccio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.5811\/cpcem.2017.12.36375","article-title":"What\u2019s the Mass? The gist of point-of-care ultrasound in gastrointestinal stromal tumors","volume":"2","author":"K P Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.232025146","article-title":"Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Radiologic features with pathologic correlation1","volume":"23","author":"A D Levy","year":"2003","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2006.01545.x","article-title":"Primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the retroperitoneum","volume":"13","author":"I Takizawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.4137\/CMO.S9180","article-title":"Primary extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor of retroperitoneum","volume":"6","author":"C Casella","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Oncol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200002000-00007","article-title":"Esophageal stromal tumors: A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic study of 17 cases and comparison with esophageal leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas","volume":"24","author":"M Miettinen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1102\/1470-7330.2012.0017","article-title":"Esophageal gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Report of 7 patients","volume":"12","author":"A B Shinagare","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"274","article-title":"CT and MR imaging of gastrointestinal stromal tumor of stomach: A pictorial review","volume":"2","author":"J Gong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.18.2.9536485","article-title":"CT evaluation of small bowel neoplasms: Spectrum of disease1","volume":"18","author":"J Buckley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.180.6.1801607","article-title":"Anorectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors: CT and MR imaging features with clinical and pathologic correlation","volume":"180","author":"A D Levy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200404000-00007","article-title":"c-kit and PDGFRA mutations in extragastrointestinal stromal tumor (gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the soft tissue)","volume":"28","author":"H Yamamoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-009-0828-4","article-title":"A single-institution experience with eight CD117-positive primary extragastrointestinal stromal tumors: Critical appraisal and a comparison with their gastrointestinal counterparts","volume":"13","author":"B K Goh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-005-0005-5","article-title":"Gastrointestinal stromal tumours: A regular origin in the muscularis propria, but an extremely diverse gross presentation","volume":"391","author":"A Agaimy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Langenbeck\u2019s Arch Surg"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"11","article-title":"Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors arising from the omentum and mesentery","volume":"34","author":"Z Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chinese J Pathol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.262055097","article-title":"Gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Role of CT in diagnosis and in response evaluation and surveillance after treatment with imatinib","volume":"26","author":"X Hong","year":"2006","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.4103\/2156-7514.99177","article-title":"Radiological features of metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors","volume":"2","author":"S Patnaik","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Imaging Sci"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-3026.85364","article-title":"CT features, mimics and atypical presentations of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)","volume":"21","author":"S Sripathi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Radiol Imaging"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2013.10.021","article-title":"Radiologic assessment of earliest, best, and plateau response of gastrointestinal stromal tumors to neoadjuvant imatinib prior to successful surgical resection","volume":"40","author":"S H Tirumani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.347","article-title":"One vs Three years of adjuvant imatinib for operable gastrointestinal stromal tumor","volume":"307","author":"H Joensuu","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020461","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of imatinib mesylate in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors","volume":"347","author":"G D Demetri","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.07.3049","article-title":"Correlation of computed tomography and positron emission tomography in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor treated at a single institution with imatinib mesylate: Proposal of new computed tomography response criteria","volume":"25","author":"H Choi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69446-4","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour after failure of imatinib: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"368","author":"G D Demetri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2013.02.034","article-title":"Tumor response and clinical outcome in metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors under sunitinib therapy: Comparison of RECIST, Choi and volumetric criteria","volume":"82","author":"N Schramm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2016.04.007","article-title":"Comparison of performance of various tumor response criteria in assessment of sunitinib activity in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors","volume":"40","author":"A B Shinagare","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2013.11.037","article-title":"Comparison of performance of various tumour response criteria in assessment of regorafenib activity in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours after failure of imatinib and sunitinib","volume":"50","author":"A B Shinagare","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2353040332","article-title":"Gastrointestinal stromal tumor: New nodule-within-a-mass pattern of recurrence after partial response to imatinib mesylate","volume":"235","author":"S Shankar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiology"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.4103\/ijri.IJRI_354_18.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T22:43:19Z","timestamp":1626993799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.4103\/ijri.IJRI_354_18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijri.ijri_354_18","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-3026","1998-3808"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0971-3026","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3808","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}}}