{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T07:12:55Z","timestamp":1761808375088},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":565,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infertility is a major social and clinical problem affecting 13\u201315% of couples worldwide. The pelvic causes of female infertility are categorized as ovarian disorders, tubal, peritubal disorders, and uterine disorders. Appropriate selection of an imaging modality is essential to accurately diagnose the aetiology of infertlity, since the imaging diagnosis directs the appropriate treatment to be instituted. Imaging evaluation begins with hystero- salpingography (HSG), to evaluate fallopian tube patency. Uterine filling defects and contour abnormalities may be discovered at HSG but usually require further characterization with pelvic ultrasound (US), sono-hysterography (syn: hystero-sonography\/saline infusion sonography) or pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), when US remains inconclusive. The major limitation of hysterographic US, is its inability to visualize extraluminal pathologies, which are better evaluated by pelvic US and MRI. Although pelvic US is a valuable modality in diagnosing entities comprising the garden variety, however, extensive pelvic inflammatory disease, complex tubo-ovarian pathologies, deep-seated endometriosis deposits with its related complications, Mulllerian duct anomalies, uterine synechiae and adenomyosis, often remain unresolved by both transabdominal and transvaginal US. Thus, MRI comes to the rescue and has a niche role in resolving complex adnexal masses, endometriosis, and Mullerian duct anomalies with greater ease. This is a review, based on the authors\u2019 experience at tertiary care teaching hospitals and aims to provide an imaging approach towards the abnormalities which are not definitively diagnosed by ultrasound alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijri.ijri_377_19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,29]],"date-time":"2020-03-29T15:22:13Z","timestamp":1585495333000},"page":"32-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Niche role of MRI in the evaluation of female infertility"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Shabnam Bhandari","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Imaging, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Antil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Imaging, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Katyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Imaging, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heena","family":"Rajani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Imaging, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hemal","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai West, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pratima","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sudha","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-8-21","article-title":"Management of the infertile couple: An evidence-based protocol","volume":"8","author":"R M Kamel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2013.07.002","article-title":"Imaging of female infertility: A pictorial guide to the hysterosalpingography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings of the congenital and acquired causes of female infertility","volume":"51","author":"K Kaproth-Joslin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/RMI.S9179","article-title":"Secondary infertility in women: Radiologic evaluation","volume":"4","author":"J Olpin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reports in Medical Imaging"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.295095047","article-title":"Female infertility: A systematic approach to radiologic imaging and diagnosis","volume":"29","author":"J Steinkeler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185115617351","article-title":"Role of 3.0 tesla magnetic resonance hysterosal pingography in the diagnostic work-up of female infertility","volume":"57","author":"V Cipolla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-3026.69347","article-title":"Role of imaging in female infertility [Dr. K.M. 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