{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:53:20Z","timestamp":1790834000052,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Syphilis screening methods in blood banks have recently transitioned from manual nontreponemal tests to automated treponemal-specific enzyme immunoassays and chemiluminescence immunoassays (CIA). Although convenient and highly sensitive, this has led to increased false-positive rates leading to the wastage of blood resources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to evaluate the positive predictive value (PPV) of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                      (TP)-CIA as a screening tool in healthy blood donors and determine optimal cutoff values to improve specificity, thereby reducing unnecessary blood wastage and donor exclusion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was a retrospective observational study that collected data from July 2019 to May 2023 on blood bank donors referred to the sexually transmitted disease clinic, in view of testing reactive on the Abbott ARCHITECT Syphilis TP CMIA (relative light unit [RLU] &gt;1). Clinical details, Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) titers, and confirmatory TP hemagglutination (TPHA) test records were corroborated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1791 patients were referred over 4 years as per blood bank records. Only 271 (15.13%) of these presented to the sexually transmitted infection clinic, indicating a high referral loss. Of patients with CIA titers available, 119\/202 (58.9%) were diagnosed as confirmed syphilis based on VDRL and TPHA positivity, out of which majority (92.4%) were latent syphilis. PPV of TP-CIA rapid test at RLU &gt;1 (manufacturer recommendation) was 64.3%, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.86. Setting the cutoff at RLU \u22652.5 improved sensitivity to 100% (patients with RLU &lt;2.5 could be safely returned to the donor pool), while a cutoff of \u226524.63 achieved 100% specificity (confirmed syphilis).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The manufacturer cutoff for syphilis CMIA rapid test (RLU &gt;1) maintains high sensitivity but generates high false positives, causing nearly one-third of patients to be referred unnecessarily, as well as blood wastage. Reflexive confirmatory testing with a second treponemal assay can minimize the psychological impact on healthy donors and prevent unnecessary donor exclusion. Large-scale studies are required to establish population-based cutoffs for ensured blood safety without wastage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_115_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T06:00:14Z","timestamp":1749448814000},"page":"22-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A retrospective study to assess the accuracy of syphilis rapid test by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CIA) in volunteer blood donors"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Sonali","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ananya","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemchandra","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilam","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Delhi State AIDS Control Society, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akash Deep","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iftekhar","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish Datt","family":"Upadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somesh","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250617","year":"2010","journal-title":"LLC. 510(k) Substantial Equivalence Determination Decision Summary:Syphilis Health Check Treponemal Antibody Test"},{"key":"R2-20250617","first-page":"133","volume":"60","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"R3-20250617","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7301a1","article-title":"CDC laboratory recommendations for syphilis testing, United States","volume":"73","author":"Papp","year":"2024","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"R4-20250617","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2022.04.023","article-title":"Asian guidelines for syphilis","volume":"28","author":"Mehta","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"R6-20250617","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01165","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01165-17","article-title":"Correlation of treponemal immunoassay signal strength values with reactivity of confirmatory treponemal testing","volume":"56","author":"Fakile","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R7-20250617","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000066","article-title":"Improved reverse screening algorithm for Treponema pallidum antibody using signal-to-cutoff ratios from chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay","volume":"41","author":"Dai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R8-20250617","first-page":"872","volume":"57","year":"2008","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"R9-20250617","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05636-11","article-title":"Direct comparison of the traditional and reverse syphilis screening algorithms in a population with a low prevalence of syphilis","volume":"50","author":"Binnicker","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R10-20250617","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir524","article-title":"Screening for syphilis with the treponemal immunoassay:Analysis of discordant serology results and implications for clinical management","volume":"204","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R11-20250617","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563215623806","article-title":"Screening for antibodies against Treponema pallidum with chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay:Analysis of discordant serology results and clinical characterization","volume":"53","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"R12-20250617","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000524","article-title":"Use of treponemal screening assay strength of signal to avoid unnecessary confirmatory testing","volume":"43","author":"Berry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_115_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:20:43Z","timestamp":1787836843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_115_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_115_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-0557","2589-0565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0557","type":"print"},{"value":"2589-0565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-19","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-08","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}