{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:49:50Z","timestamp":1787071790915,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a common cause of genital herpes but rarely causes encephalitis in immunocompetent adults. We report a case of a 20-year-old immunocompetent woman who developed HSV-2 encephalitis following a primary genital infection. She initially presented with multiple painful genital ulcers and herpetic whitlow, confirmed as primary HSV infection and treated with oral acyclovir. One month later, she developed seizures, confusion, and hallucinations. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed T2\/FLAIR hyperintensities in the left cerebral cortex and thalamus, and cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction detected HSV-2 DNA. Despite intravenous acyclovir therapy, she relapsed after 45 days and succumbed. This case highlights that primary genital HSV-2 infection can have severe and fatal neurological complications even in the absence of immunosuppression. Early recognition, timely antiviral therapy, and vigilance for relapse or autoimmune encephalitis are essential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_126_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T10:00:32Z","timestamp":1765360832000},"page":"214-216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A rare presentation of herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis following primary genital herpes in an immunocompetent female: An unusual case"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Chittarvu","family":"Karishni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of DVL, Gandhi Hospital and Medical College, Secunderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akila","family":"Venu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of DVL, Gandhi Hospital and Medical College, Secunderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudha Rani","family":"Chintagunta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of DVL, Gandhi Hospital and Medical College, Secunderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-016-0433-7","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus-1 encephalitis in adults: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"13","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"R2-20251210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890390302","article-title":"Encephalitis in immunocompetent patients due to herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2 as determined by type-specific polymerase chain reaction and antibody assays of cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"39","author":"Aurelius","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"R3-20251210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07681-X","article-title":"Viral encephalitis: Familiar infections and emerging pathogens","volume":"359","author":"Whitley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R4-20251210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(02)00028-8","article-title":"Use of PCR for the diagnosis of herpesvirus infections of the central nervous system","volume":"25","author":"DeBiasi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"R5-20251210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24083","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus encephalitis is a trigger of brain autoimmunity","volume":"75","author":"Armangue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_126_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:55:38Z","timestamp":1787068538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_126_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_126_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-0557","2589-0565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0557","type":"print"},{"value":"2589-0565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-19","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-29","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}