{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:32:43Z","timestamp":1786739563765,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Genital warts are common benign lesions caused predominantly by human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 and are associated with significant psychosocial morbidity. Cryotherapy remains a widely used ablative modality, yet data on patient-reported outcomes in real-world settings remain limited. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy, safety profile, and patient-reported outcomes of cryotherapy in the management of genital warts. A case series of seven treatment-naive patients with clinically and dermoscopically confirmed genital warts was analyzed. All patients underwent cryotherapy with a cryoprobe using two freeze\u2013thaw cycles per session at 2-week intervals. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and quality-of-life changes were measured using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) before treatment and two weeks after the final session. Complete or near-complete clearance was achieved in 71.4% of patients after 1\u20132 sessions. Adverse effects occurred in 57.1%, predominantly procedural pain and transient hypopigmentation. DLQI scores improved markedly among patients with complete clearance, indicating significant psychosocial recovery, whereas incomplete responders\u2014particularly immunocompromised individuals\u2014showed minimal improvement. Recurrence occurred in 14% of cases. Cryotherapy is a safe, cost-effective, and efficacious first-line treatment for genital warts, especially in immunocompetent patients. Incorporating patient-reported outcomes such as DLQI and VAS provides a holistic assessment of therapeutic success and should be adopted routinely.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_158_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T14:01:23Z","timestamp":1779199283000},"page":"36-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Therapeutic efficacy of cryotherapy in genital warts: A case series with patient-reported outcomes"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Chittarvu","family":"Karishni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of DVL, Gandhi Hospital and Medical College, Secunderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muske","family":"Samskruthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of DVL, Gandhi Hospital and Medical College, Secunderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muthu","family":"Priya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of DVL, Gandhi Hospital and Medical College, Secunderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chintagunta Sudha","family":"Rani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of DVL, Gandhi Hospital and Medical College, Secunderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-39","article-title":"Systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of genital warts","volume":"13","author":"Patel","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"R2-20260626","first-page":"5","article-title":"An evidence-based review of medical and surgical treatments of genital warts","volume":"12","author":"Scheinfeld","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"R3-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.5455\/msm.2019.31.212-214","article-title":"Cryotherapy of genital warts","volume":"31","author":"Jahic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater Sociomed"},{"issue":"Suppl 11","key":"R4-20260626","first-page":"S240","article-title":"Measures of adult pain:Visual analog Scale for Pain (VAS Pain), Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS Pain), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS), Short Form-36 Bodily Pain Scale (SF-36 BPS), and Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP)","volume":"63","author":"Hawker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"R5-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1994.tb01167.x","article-title":"Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) \u2013 A simple practical measure for routine clinical use","volume":"19","author":"Finlay","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"R6-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2025.101945","article-title":"Epidemiology and associated factors of genital warts among patients in Iran:A cross-sectional study highlighting the impact of education and sexual behaviour","volume":"32","author":"Faramarzi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Global Health"},{"key":"R7-20260626","first-page":"273","article-title":"Cryotherapy versus electrocautery in the treatment of genital warts","volume":"57","author":"Simmons","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"R8-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462981921143","article-title":"An international survey of patients with genital warts:Perceptions regarding treatment and impact on lifestyle","volume":"9","author":"Maw","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"R9-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200203000-00001","article-title":"Relapses after treatment of external genital warts are more frequent in HIV-positive patients than in HIV-negative controls","volume":"29","author":"De Panfilis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R10-20260626","first-page":"297","article-title":"Subcutaneous interferon alpha 2a combined with cryotherapy versus cryotherapy alone in the treatment of primary anogenital warts: A randomised observer blind placebo controlled study","volume":"67","author":"Handley","year":"1991","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_158_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T19:30:04Z","timestamp":1786735804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_158_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_158_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-0557","2589-0565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0557","type":"print"},{"value":"2589-0565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-06","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-16","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}