{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:25:00Z","timestamp":1790022300939,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the prevalence of common nonviral reproductive tract infections\/sexually transmitted infections (RTI\/STI) prevailing among females who presented to our regional STI reference center and to ascertain the association of various symptoms with different RTI\/STIs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective analysis of female patients presenting to our STI Regional center located in the Department of Medical Microbiology in PGIMER, Chandigarh, was done between April 2018 and December 2019 for patients presenting with cervico-vaginal discharge. Two to three swabs were collected from each patient. The first swab was subjected to wet mount, gram stain, Potassium hydroxide (KOH) test, and culture on blood agar, the colonies obtained were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption time of flight mass spectrometer (MALDI TOF-MS). Second swab was used for DNA extraction and detection of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (NG)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">, Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (TV), and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CT) by polymerase chain reaction. The third swab, when available, was inoculated onto pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO) broth.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One thousand and thirteenth of 1472 (69%) female patients were symptomatic and the most common presenting symptoms were vaginal discharge (707\/1013 [69.8%]), infertility (266\/1013 [26.2%]), genital itching (60\/1013 [5.9%]), lower abdomen pain (47\/1013 [4.6%]) and burning micturition (16\/1013 [1.6%]). The most prevalent RTI\/STI was bacterial vaginosis (BV) 18.2% (269\/1472), followed by vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) 6.8% (100\/1472) and trichomoniasis (TV) 1.9% (28\/1472). Five cases each of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycoplasma genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , three of NG and one of CT were also identified. Coinfections were seen in 40 (2.7%) cases. The most common causative agent responsible for VVC in our study was\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      (65%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RTI\/STIs were common among women and 69% were symptomatic. BV was the most common STI present in 18.2%, followed by VVC (6.8%) and trichomoniasis (1.9%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_48_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T10:14:32Z","timestamp":1668593672000},"page":"135-140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence of nonviral reproductive tract infections\/sexually transmitted infections in female patients with cervicovaginal 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