{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:03:00Z","timestamp":1787169780823,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The natural history of syphilis could be altered in the presence of HIV. It has been documented that syphilis infection increases the risk of HIV transmission by at least 3-fold.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the study was (1) to study clinical presentation of syphilis in HIV individuals, (2) to estimate seroprevalence of syphilis in HIV individuals, and (3) to study the effect of syphilis infection on CD4+ T cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      HIV-positive patients attending sexually transmitted infection clinic for a period of 1 year from June 2017 to May 2018 in the age group of 15\u201370 years were included in the study. A detailed history was taken; genital and dermatological examination was done. All patients were tested with VDRL and treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA). Pearson's Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables and Student's\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test was used to compare continuous variables.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of ninety study population, nine (10%) had clinical manifestations of syphilis. VDRL was positive with significant titers in all cases of syphilis. TPHA was positive in 88.9% of cases with clinical syphilis and 17.3% of cases without clinical manifestations of syphilis. Mean CD4 count was low among patients having syphilis infection compared to study population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study shows high prevalence of syphilis in HIV and highlights the importance of preventing and promptly treating syphilis in people living with HIV, as the active infection is associated with fall in CD4 count, which leads to opportunistic infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_68_19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T09:22:55Z","timestamp":1636363375000},"page":"106-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A cross-sectional descriptive study of clinical and serological prevalence of syphilis infection in people living with HIV and its effect on CD4+ T cells"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Suresh Kumar","family":"Behara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surya Amrutha","family":"Bindu Satti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-3-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199219020-00001","article-title":"Epidemiological synergy. Interrelationships between human immunodeficiency virus infection and other sexually transmitted diseases","volume":"19","author":"Wasserheit","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R2-3-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.075630","article-title":"Tip of the Iceberg: Young men who have sex with men, the Internet, and HIV risk","volume":"97","author":"Garofalo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"R4-3-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009011","article-title":"Syphilis and HIV co-infection in an Israeli HIV clinic: Incidence and outcome","volume":"21","author":"Agmon-Levin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"R5-3-20240831","first-page":"7","article-title":"Prevalence of HIV and syphilis in patients attending sexually transmitted infections (STI) clinic in an urban slum","volume":"12","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Res Health Sci"},{"key":"R6-3-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822007000300006","article-title":"Prevalence of HIV -syphilis coinfection in a university hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro in 2005","volume":"40","author":"Signorini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"R7-3-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2011.597706","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors associated with syphilis in a cohort of HIV positive individuals in Brazil","volume":"24","author":"Adolf","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"R9-3-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0168642","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168642","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for incident syphilis among HIV-1 infected men who have sex with men in a large urban HIV clinic in Tokyo, 2008-2015","volume":"11","author":"Nishijima","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R10-3-20240831","first-page":"27","article-title":"Reference ranges and sources of variability of CD4 counts in HIV-seronegative women and men","volume":"72","author":"Maini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"R11-3-20240831","first-page":"618","article-title":"Circadian changes of T lymphocyte subsets in human peripheral blood","volume":"55","author":"Miyawaki","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"R12-3-20240831","first-page":"21","article-title":"Comparing Cd4 counts in Syphilitic and Non Syphilitic HIV Patients, Luwero District Uganda","volume":"31","author":"Cassim","year":"2017","journal-title":"IJSBAR"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijstd.IJSTD_68_19","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:12:14Z","timestamp":1787166734000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijstd.IJSTD_68_19"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_68_19","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-0557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0557","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}}}