{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:33:00Z","timestamp":1786739580782,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection remain a significant public health challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study investigates the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcome of TB-HIV coinfected patients in Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted using hospital records in an antiretroviral therapy (ART) Centre of a tertiary care hospital from October 2021 to September 2023. Among 3383 registered HIV patients, 129 (3.8%) were diagnosed with TB. Clinical data, diagnostic methods, and treatment outcomes were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Most patients were males (62.0%), with a mean age of 39.7 years. Pulmonary TB was the most common type (93.0%), and 58.1% of cases were microbiologically confirmed. The median baseline and follow-up CD4 counts were 309 and 430 cells\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      , respectively. TB treatment adherence was 74.6%, while 24.0% defaulted, contributing to 84.4% of the reported deaths. Incomplete isoniazid preventive therapy was a significant predictor of treatment default and mortality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite progress in ART coverage and TB diagnosis, challenges in treatment adherence and mortality reduction persist. Strengthening diagnostic infrastructure, adherence strategies, and integrated TB-HIV care is crucial to improve outcomes in co-infected populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_72_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T14:01:18Z","timestamp":1779199278000},"page":"22-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dual burden of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus: Outcomes and implications from Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Venkataravikanth","family":"Eddula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. Sudhakar","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Sravana","family":"Deepthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirshendu","family":"Chaudhuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Cyrus Poonawala Centre for Infectious Diseases and Pandemic Preparedness, Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. 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