{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:49:51Z","timestamp":1787071791223,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vaginal discharge is one of the most common gynecological complaints among women, with significant implications for physical, psychological, and social well-being. Diagnosis and management are essential to improve patient outcomes and quality of life (QOL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify the cause of vaginal discharge, associated comorbidities, and its impact on QOL using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted over 1 year at the STD clinic of a tertiary care center. A total of 125 married women aged 18 years and above with abnormal vaginal discharge were enrolled. Clinical history, gynecological examinations, and laboratory investigations, including the Whiff test, KOH mount, Wet mount, Gram staining, and culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar, were performed. QOL was assessed using the DLQI questionnaire. Statistical analysis was carried out to evaluate associations between DLQI scores and clinical parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species was the most commonly isolated pathogen (54.4%), followed by bacterial vaginosis (32%) and nonspecific causes (10.4%). Moderate-to-very large effects on QOL were observed in 62% of patients. Significant associations were found between DLQI scores and volume of discharge (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005) and itching (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0001), highlighting the distress caused by these conditions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Abnormal vaginal discharge has a significant impact on QOL of affected women, particularly in cases with recurrent symptoms and higher symptom severity. Early diagnosis and targeted treatments are essential to alleviate symptoms and improve overall well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_74_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T10:00:11Z","timestamp":1765360811000},"page":"148-154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The art of diagnosis: Unraveling the mystery of vaginal discharge?"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Keerthana","family":"Rajasekaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Skin and STD, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospitals, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Research Foundation (DU), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subalakshmi","family":"Kumaresan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Skin and STD, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospitals, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Research Foundation (DU), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seethalakshmi Ganga","family":"Vellaisamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Skin and STD, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospitals, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Research Foundation (DU), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kannan","family":"Gopalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Skin and STD, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospitals, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Research Foundation (DU), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_65_21","article-title":"Clinicoetiological study on vaginal discharge among sexually active women attending a tertiary center in North Kerala, India","volume":"44","author":"John","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS"},{"key":"R2-20251210","first-page":"e33979","article-title":"A cross-sectional clinical investigation of organisms causing vaginal discharge in patients in rural Tamil Nadu, India","volume":"15","author":"Shanmugam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R3-20251210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3329\/seajph.v1i1.13211","article-title":"Common microbial etiology of abnormal vaginal discharge among sexually active women in Dhaka, Bangladesh","volume":"1","author":"Yusuf","year":"2021","journal-title":"South East Asia J Public Health"},{"key":"R4-20251210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7184.55490","article-title":"Cytolytic vaginosis: A review","volume":"30","author":"Suresh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS"},{"key":"R5-20251210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4840","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20174691","article-title":"Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of vaginal discharge among married women of reproductive age group at a teaching hospital","volume":"6","author":"Guntoory","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R6-20251210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-39","article-title":"Systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of genital warts","volume":"13","author":"Patel","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect 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Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_74_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:55:37Z","timestamp":1787068537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_74_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_74_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-0557","2589-0565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0557","type":"print"},{"value":"2589-0565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-17","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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