{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:32:24Z","timestamp":1787841144556,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"\n Background and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n \n Anorectal and pharyngeal infections with\n Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n (NG) are common in men who have sex with men (MSM). However, they are often asymptomatic and found in the absence of reported risk behavior and concurrent genital infection. These serve as a hidden reservoir for ongoing transmission and may cause complications. Additionally, they drive the transmission of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV and may contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance. The current study was undertaken to study the anatomic site distribution of gonococcal infection in MSM as limited data are available from India.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 127 MSM patients attending the STI clinic Dermatology Outpatient Department of AIIMS were included in the study. A duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting\n opa<\/jats:italic>\n and\n porA<\/jats:italic>\n psuedogene targets using in-house primers was standardized and used for testing. In addition, all samples were processed by conventional methods, i.e., microscopy and culture.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n A total of 26 patients were found to be positive for NG by PCR with a prevalence rate of 20%. The prevalence rate for urethral, rectal, and pharyngeal gonorrhea was 8.7%, 9.4%, and 4.7% respectively. Out of the 26 positives, 15 patients, i.e., 57.7%, had only extragenital infections and none were positive at all three sites. On the other hand, only three patients were culture positive at the urethral site.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n We would have missed approximately 60% of the infections if the testing was restricted to genital sites only.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n An expanded testing including extragenital sites for screening of gonococcal infection in MSM will have clinical and public health benefits.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_80_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T07:00:47Z","timestamp":1734073247000},"page":"116-119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anatomic site distribution of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in men who have sex with men attending a tertiary care hospital in North India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Rachna","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somesh","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niharika","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajendra","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajni","family":"Mala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Sood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"R4-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e022632","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022632","article-title":"The UALE project: A cross-sectional approach for trends in HIV\/STI prevalence among key populations attending STI clinics in Guatemala","volume":"8","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"R5-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1071\/SH19061","article-title":"Epidemiology of gonorrhoea: A global perspective","volume":"16","author":"Kirkcaldy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"R8-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000250","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infection trends among gay or bisexual men from a clinic-based sentinel surveillance system in British Columbia, Canada","volume":"42","author":"Ling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R9-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462420943016","article-title":"Geographic and behavioral differences associated with sexually transmitted infection prevalence among Indian men who have sex with men in Chennai and Mumbai","volume":"32","author":"Safren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"R10-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052399","article-title":"Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the pharynx and saliva: implications for gonorrhoea transmission","volume":"92","author":"Chow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"R11-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01581-08","article-title":"Nucleic acid amplification tests for diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae oropharyngeal infections","volume":"47","author":"Bachmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"RR02","key":"R12-20260424","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recommendations for the Laboratory-Based detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae \u2013 2014","author":"Papp","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"R15-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811002883","article-title":"Evaluation of an opa gene-based nucleic acid amplification test for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in urogenital samples in North India","volume":"140","author":"Verma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"R16-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.041418","article-title":"Diagnostic implications of 16S ribosomal assay for gonorrhoea","volume":"86","author":"Verma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"R17-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3579-6","article-title":"Gonorrhea and chlamydia prevalence in different anatomical sites among men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study in Guangzhou, China","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"R18-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001626","article-title":"Prevalence, anatomic distribution, and correlates of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae infections among a cohort of men who have sex with men in Hanoi, Vietnam","volume":"49","author":"Adamson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R19-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5758387","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5758387","article-title":"Extragenital Infections Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A review of the literature","volume":"2016","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R20-20260424","article-title":"Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2021"},{"key":"R21-20260424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001737","article-title":"Detection of neisseria gonorrhoeae in genital and extragenital sites in men who have sex with men in India","volume":"50","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R22-20260424","first-page":"1","article-title":"Oropharyngeal chlamydia in MSM attending STI clinic of India","volume":"3","author":"Rawre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_80_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:43:45Z","timestamp":1787838225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_80_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_80_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-0557","2589-0565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0557","type":"print"},{"value":"2589-0565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-22","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-02","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}