{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:21:35Z","timestamp":1787844095536,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease that varies in presentation according to the stage of the disease. Susceptibility to penicillin contributed to the near elimination of the disease during the 1990s to 2000 period. Recently, there have been reports of the re-emergence of syphilis from all parts of the world.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the clinical presentation and trends of syphilis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study was conducted from January 2013 to December 2024. All clinically and\/or serologically diagnosed cases of syphilis were included in the study. Medical records of all the patients attending the sexually transmitted infection clinic were analyzed concerning age, sex, clinical presentation, and laboratory investigations. Statistical analysis was done using mean, median, and proportion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 260 cases with syphilis were enrolled. The male-to-female ratio was 5.53:1. The most common stage of presentation was latent syphilis (45.6%). The most common age group affected was 21\u201330 years. Out of the total cases, 2.7% of cases were pregnant females, 14.18% were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive, and 95 cases were men who have sex with men cases. Only two cases of congenital syphilis were detected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A resurgence of syphilis cases has been observed in the last 3 years, with latent syphilis contributing to the majority of cases. Possible factors attributed to this surge include promiscuous sexual behavior, HIV coinfection, male having sex with male, and early adolescent sexual exposure. The sudden rise in latent syphilis cases is a warning sign of resurgence in India, as it signifies the persistence of syphilis in the subclinical phase in the community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_94_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T14:01:11Z","timestamp":1779199271000},"page":"16-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trends of syphilis before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic in central India: A retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Bhagyashree Babanrao","family":"Supekar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of DVL, GMC Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suyash Singh","family":"Tomar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of DVL, Naraina Medical College and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samruddhi Naresh","family":"Chopkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of DVL, IGGMC, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayesh Ishwardas","family":"Mukhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of DVL, GMC Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pallavi Rajesh","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of DVL, BJGMC, Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pallavi Jagdish","family":"Yede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of DVL, YCM College, Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7184.167137","article-title":"Rising trends of syphilis in a tertiary care center in North India","volume":"36","author":"Sethi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS"},{"key":"R2-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7184.167151","article-title":"Changing trends in acquired syphilis at a tertiary care center of North India","volume":"36","author":"Nishal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS"},{"key":"R3-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.129403","article-title":"Syphilis among sexually transmitted infections clinic attendees in a tertiary care institution. A retrospective data analysis","volume":"80","author":"Sasidharanpillai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"R4-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.18203\/issn.2455-4529.IntJResDermatol20184456","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of demographic factors and changing pattern of clinical features of acquired syphilis at a tertiary care center in South India","volume":"4","author":"Sivayadevi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Res Dermatol"},{"key":"R5-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.18203\/issn.2455-4529.IntJResDermatol20212550","article-title":"Syphilis on the rise-a retrospective study at a tertiary care hospital in Northeast India","volume":"7","author":"Thokchom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Res Dermatol"},{"key":"R6-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908591","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.908591","article-title":"Upward trends of syphilis in the non-pregnant adults: A six-year report on clinical and epidemiological profile of syphilis from a tertiary care center, India","volume":"10","author":"Solaimalai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"R7-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_109_21","article-title":"Syphilis in the era of re-emergence: A 6-year retrospective study from a tertiary care center in South India","volume":"43","author":"Jeevanandham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS"},{"key":"R8-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_788_22","article-title":"The changing trend of syphilis:Is it a sign of impending epidemic?","volume":"68","author":"Gupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"R9-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.25259\/IJDVL_420_2024","article-title":"Syphilis renaissance: Truth or mirage. Analysis of syphilis trends and possible factors from a tertiary care centre in North India","volume":"91","author":"Baskaran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"R10-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7184.167170","article-title":"Syphilis:Is it making resurgence?","volume":"36","author":"Shah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS"},{"key":"R11-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3329\/bjms.v17i1.35282","article-title":"Sero-epidemiology of syphilis in a tertiary teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur","volume":"17","author":"Wahab","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bangladesh J Med Sci"},{"key":"R12-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0284602","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284602","article-title":"Online partner seeking and high-risk behaviour in men who have sex with men and male-to-female transgendered people in Mumbai, India: Implications for prevention strategies","volume":"18","author":"Acharya","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R13-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108237","article-title":"Review of sexualized drug use associated with sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections in gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men","volume":"216","author":"Guerra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"R14-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001341","article-title":"Collateral damage:A narrative review on epidemics of substance use disorders and their relationships to sexually transmitted infections in the United States","volume":"48","author":"Strathdee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R15-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2022.101100","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical features of syphilis in the 21st century:A seven-year observational retrospective study of outpatients","volume":"16","author":"Pinchera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_94_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:05:44Z","timestamp":1787843144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_94_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_94_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-0557","2589-0565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0557","type":"print"},{"value":"2589-0565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-14","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-18","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}