{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:20:56Z","timestamp":1787775656321,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease leading to noncicatricial alopecia. Topical or intralesional corticosteroid (ILCS) is the accepted therapeutic option for mild cases; however, adverse effects are sometimes difficult to reverse. When the exposure to liquefied nitrogen is limited to a few seconds \u201csuperficial\u201d cryotherapy, reactive vasodilation may improve microcirculation and nutritional status around hair follicles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate and compare superficial cryotherapy and ILCS in the treatment of patchy AA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective comparative study included 21 patients with patchy AA. Every patient received superficial cryotherapy on one patch, every 2 weeks for 3 months, and ILCS injection for another patch, once monthly for 3 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clinical improvement was higher in cryotherapy group compared to ILCS group with a statistically significant difference (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002). On trichoscopic evaluation, terminal hair count was improved in lesions treated with cryotherapy more than lesions treated with ILCS but without statistical significance (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.595) and vellus hair count was improved in lesions treated with cryotherapy more than lesions treated with ILCS with a statistical significance (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cryotherapy is more effective and less painful than ILCS in the treatment of patchy AA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijt.ijt_130_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T01:44:32Z","timestamp":1643766272000},"page":"8-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Superficial Cryotherapy versus Intralesional Corticosteroids Injection in Alopecia Areata"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mahira Hamdy","family":"El Sayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nour El-dissouki","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Abdelfattah","family":"Afify","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-2-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1103442","article-title":"Alopecia areata","volume":"366","author":"Gilhar","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R2-2-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10955.x","article-title":"British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the management of alopecia areata 2012","volume":"166","author":"Messenger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R3-2-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01092.x","article-title":"Anaphylactic reaction to intralesional corticosteroid injection","volume":"57","author":"Laing","year":"2007","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"R4-2-20240903","first-page":"269","article-title":"One hundred twenty three cases of alopecia areata treated with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"R5-2-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1991.04520010093024","article-title":"Effect of superficial hypothermic cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen on alopecia areata","volume":"127","author":"Lei","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"R6-2-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2017.29.6.722","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of superficial cryotherapy on alopecia areata: A prospective, split-scalp study in patients with multiple alopecia patches","volume":"29","author":"Jun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol"},{"key":"R7-2-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.4103\/JCMRP.JCMRP_103_18","article-title":"Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy in the treatment of alopecia areata: An Egyptian study","volume":"3","author":"Abdel-Majid","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Curr Med Res Pract"},{"key":"R8-2-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701183","article-title":"Maintenance of hair follicle immune privilege is linked to prevention of NK cell attack","volume":"128","author":"Ito","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"R9-2-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13064","article-title":"Alopecia areata predictive score: A new trichoscopy-based tool to predict treatment outcome in patients with patchy alopecia areata","volume":"19","author":"Wa\u015bkiel-Burnat","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"R10-2-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.10.031","article-title":"Alopecia areata update: Part II. 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