{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:32:31Z","timestamp":1787761951613,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glyoxylic acid has emerged as a safe alternative to formol (formaldehyde) use as a hair straightener\/relaxer. However, the possible damage to the hair fiber after its application is low known and\/or published in the literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work aims to characterize hair locks treated with glyoxylic acid compared to traditional alkaline straighteners such as sodium and guanidine hydroxide and ammonium thioglycolate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The morphology of the hair cuticles was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Protein loss was assessed by the Lowry method modified by Peterson and as mechanical properties that were expressed in terms of tensile strength.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All products (sodium and guanidine hydroxides and ammonium thioglycolate) caused protein loss of about 2.5 \u03bcg\/g, except glyoxylic acid that caused the worst damage (3.5 \u03bcg\/g), in relation to the untreated (virgin) hair (1.12 \u03bcg\/g), indicating that the chemical treatments can cause hair damage in both cuticles and cortex. The force to break the fibers treated with traditional straighteners based on sodium hydroxide, guanidine hydroxide, and ammonium thioglycolate was statistically the same.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The treatment with glyoxylic acid showed rupture tensile statistically equivalent to the alkaline straighteners. The mechanism of action of glyoxylic acid does not appear to be based on breaking and rearrangement of disulfide bridges, but altered them, that influenced the hair strength. However, it is also essential to consider other factors relevant: technical application technique, reaction time, and interval of reapplication of the product, as this can change the pattern of the results obtained.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijt.ijt_158_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T06:30:23Z","timestamp":1678689023000},"page":"197-203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Impact of Acid (\u201dProgressive Brush\u201d) and Alkaline Straightening on the Hair Fiber"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Maria Val\u00e9ria Robles","family":"Velasco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia Cristina","family":"de S\u00e1-Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelli Ferrera","family":"Dario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valcinir","family":"Bedin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjory Bernardes","family":"Fileto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andressa Costa","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudin\u00e9ia Aparecida Sales de Oliveira","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Rolim","family":"Baby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-2-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpmed.2013.04.017","article-title":"Structure and function of skin, hair and nails","volume":"41","author":"Lai-cheong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"R3-2-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6750-13-15","article-title":"Feather keratin hydrolysates obtained from micro-bial keratinases: Effect on hair fiber","volume":"13","author":"Villa","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Biotechnol"},{"key":"R4-2-20240903","first-page":"56","article-title":"Active substances of capillary straightening and their action mechanisms","volume":"8","author":"Ferreira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ele J Pharm"},{"key":"R7-2-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12148","article-title":"Formaldehyde replacement with glyoxylic acid in semipermanent hair straightening: A new and multidisciplinary investigation","volume":"36","author":"Boga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Cosmet Sci"},{"key":"R10-2-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1353\/hub.2007.0045","article-title":"Shape variability and classification of human hair: A worldwide approach","volume":"79","author":"De la Mettrie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"R12-2-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowre","year":"1951","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R13-2-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(77)90043-4","article-title":"A simplification of the protein assay method of Lowry et al. which is more generally applicable","volume":"83","author":"Peterson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"R14-2-20240903","first-page":"40","article-title":"Hair protective effect of argan oil (Arganiaspinosa kernel oil) and cupuassu butter (Theobroma grandiflorum seed butter) post treatment with hair dye","volume":"3","author":"Faria","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol Sci Appl"},{"key":"R15-2-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2012.12.011","article-title":"Efficacy of Punica granatum L. hydroalcoholic extract on properties of dyed hair exposed to UVA radiation","volume":"120","author":"Dario","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol B"},{"key":"R16-2-20240903","first-page":"1","article-title":"In vitro methodologies to evaluate the effects of hair care products on hair fiber","volume":"4","author":"Gama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cosmetic"},{"key":"R19-2-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12151","article-title":"Protein loss in human hair from combination straightening and coloring treatments","volume":"14","author":"Fran\u00e7a-Stefoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"R20-2-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-82502009000100019","article-title":"Hair fiber characteristics and methods to evaluate hair physical and mechanical properties","volume":"45","author":"Velasco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Braz J Pharm Sci"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Trichology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijt.ijt_158_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:09:04Z","timestamp":1787760544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijt.ijt_158_20"}},"subtitle":["Differential Effects on the Cuticle and Cortex Properties"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijt.ijt_158_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0974-7753"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0974-7753","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}}}