{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T11:57:15Z","timestamp":1785585435655,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cannabis oils are progressively being investigated as potential treatments for various health conditions in dogs. However, their safety profiles in this species remain poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated the effects of incremental doses of cannabis oils containing tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and their combination (THC + CBD) on cardiovascular and respiratory parameters in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six male Beagles participated in a 3 \u00d7 3 crossover study. Acute cumulative doses (1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mg\/kg) were administered via the oromucosal route at 2-h intervals. Measurements included rectal temperature, electrocardiography, heart rate variability, blood pressure, and respiratory plethysmography.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All dogs tolerated the treatments, although adverse clinical signs were observed with THC and THC + CBD, including shivering and vomiting, with THC alone additionally causing ataxia and urinary incontinence. Both THC and THC + CBD caused significant hypothermia starting at a dose of 2 mg\/kg, and they also shortened PQ intervals at doses of 4, 8, and 16 mg\/kg. THC also significantly prolonged RR and QT intervals at doses of 2, 4, and 8 mg\/kg, but not THC + CBD. CBD tended to increase standard deviation of normal RR intervals, root mean square of successive differences, and total power at doses of 8 and 16 mg\/kg, while THC and THC + CBD had no significant effect on these parameters. These oils did not produce significant effects on blood pressure or respiratory function within these dose ranges.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CBD oil was well-tolerated, whereas THC and THC + CBD oils induced significant side effects starting at 2 mg\/kg. This study establishes a basis for determining appropriate cannabis oil dosages for future clinical studies in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijvsm.ijvsm_3_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T11:00:09Z","timestamp":1784199609000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cumulative Effects of Cannabis Oils on Body Temperature, Electrocardiography, Heart Rate Variability, Blood Pressure, and Respiratory Function in Telemetered Dogs"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nattapat","family":"Rutjanavate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Van Nhut Khanh","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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