{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T17:59:29Z","timestamp":1785175169943,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Probiotic-based gut flora stabilizers are increasingly used to improve intestinal health, immune function, and production performance in broiler chickens. This study evaluated the effects of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TechnoCare200, containing Bacillus coagulans DSM 32016 and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 33806<\/jats:italic>\n                      , on growth performance, immunity, intestinal morphology, and gut health.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 500 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to two groups (250 birds\/group). The control group received a basal diet, whereas the treatment group received the same diet supplemented with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TechnoCare200<\/jats:italic>\n                      at 100 g\/MT throughout the trial. Growth performance, mortality, litter quality, footpad dermatitis, carcass traits, immune responses, and intestinal histomorphology were evaluated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TechnoCare200 supplementation reduced mortality by 21%, improved litter condition scores, and decreased footpad dermatitis incidence compared with the control group. Treated birds showed significantly higher body weight, improved body weight gain, lower feed conversion ratio, and increased production number. Carcass evaluation revealed significant increases in carcass, breast meat, and front-part yields. Humoral immunity and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses were significantly enhanced. Histological examination demonstrated improved intestinal morphology, characterized by a higher villus-to-crypt ratio, together with enhanced villus development and normal lymphoid architecture with increased lymphoid activity in immune organs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dietary supplementation with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TechnoCare200<\/jats:italic>\n                      containing B. coagulans DSM 32016 and B. licheniformis DSM 33806 improved growth performance, feed efficiency, immune responses, carcass yield, and intestinal health in broiler chickens. These findings indicate that TechnoCare200 is an effective probiotic gut flora stabilizer with potential to enhance poultry productivity and welfare under commercial production conditions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijvsm.ijvsm_4_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T17:00:10Z","timestamp":1785171610000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Impact of Gut Flora Stabilizer on Boosting Growth and Enhancing Gut Health in Broiler Chickens"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mohamed Hussein H.","family":"Awaad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayed Muhammad Mahmoud","family":"Shalash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Production Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelrahman Mohamed","family":"Atta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Elmenawey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman Ibrahim","family":"Hassanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Zeibich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochem Zusatzstoffe Han Lohne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Schlagheck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochem Zusatzstoffe Han Lohne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochem Zusatzstoffe Han Lohne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman Anter","family":"Morsy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(99)90059-6","article-title":"Association between the consumption of antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry and the occurrence of resistant bacteria among food animals","volume":"12","author":"Aarestrup","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"R3-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008-00484","article-title":"Butyric acid-based feed additives help protect broiler chickens from Salmonella enteritidis infection","volume":"88","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Rubio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"R4-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.5455\/vetworld.2008.375-377","article-title":"Antibiotic residues: A global health hazard","volume":"1","author":"Nisha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"R5-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2006.06.009","article-title":"Effect of a commercial essential oil on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and intestinal microflora population in broiler chickens","volume":"134","author":"Jan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol"},{"key":"R6-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3382\/japr.2007-00102","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated from Iranian broiler chicken flocks, 2005\u20132006","volume":"17","author":"Saberfar","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Appl Poult Res"},{"key":"R7-20260727","first-page":"234","article-title":"Application of herbs and phytogenic feed additives in poultry production \u2013 A review","volume":"2","author":"Alloui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob J Anim Sci Res"},{"key":"R8-20260727","first-page":"114","article-title":"Feed additives for pigs: Reducing antibiotic use and enhancing gut health","volume":"21","author":"Sharman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"R9-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/83.4.669","article-title":"The effect of two different blends of essential oil components on the proliferation of Clostridium perfringens in the intestines of broiler chickens","volume":"83","author":"Mitsch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"R10-20260727","first-page":"47","article-title":"Influence of prebiotics and butyric acid on the composition of intestinal microflora of broiler chickens","volume":"51","author":"Gajewska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Warsaw Univ Life Sci SGGW Anim Sci"},{"key":"R11-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/82.4.627","article-title":"Application of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry production","volume":"82","author":"Patterson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"R12-20260727","first-page":"618","article-title":"Effect of acidifiers on gastrointestinal tract integrity, zootechnical performance and colonisation of Clostridium perfringens and aerobic bacteria in broiler chickens","volume":"7","author":"Awaad","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Sci"},{"key":"R13-20260727","first-page":"82","article-title":"Effect of a specific combination of mannan-oligosaccharides and \u03b2-glucans extracted from yeast cell wall on the health status and growth performance of ochratoxicated broiler chickens","volume":"7","author":"Awaad","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Sci"},{"key":"R14-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.5513\/JCEA01\/14.1.1222","article-title":"Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in poultry: Mode of action, limitation and achievements","volume":"14","author":"Dankowiakowska","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cent Eur Agric"},{"key":"R15-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2010.298.304","article-title":"The application of prebiotics in poultry production","volume":"9","author":"Hajati","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Poult Sci"},{"key":"R17-20260727","first-page":"58","article-title":"The impact of sodium-butyrate microencapsulated in balm fat in impedance of colisepticaemia in broiler chickens","volume":"12","author":"Awaad","year":"2019","journal-title":"IOSR J Agric Vet Sci"},{"key":"R18-20260727","first-page":"17","article-title":"\u201cKing of probiotics\u201d Bacillus coagulans in modern combined probiotic preparations Laktovit Forte (full review)","volume":"(1)","author":"Bomko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Mechnikov Inst"},{"key":"R19-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-0229(98)00098-2","article-title":"Lactic acid production by Bacillus coagulans \u2013 Kinetic studies and optimisation of culture medium for batch and continuous fermentations","volume":"24","author":"Payot","year":"1999","journal-title":"Enzyme Microb Technol"},{"key":"R20-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2005.02605.x","article-title":"Lactate is mainly fermented to butyrate by human intestinal microfloras but inter-individual variation is evident","volume":"99","author":"Bourriaud","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"R21-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmu037","article-title":"Characterization of the most abundant Lactobacillus species in chicken gastrointestinal tract and potential use as probiotics for genetic engineering","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai)"},{"key":"R22-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1017\/S004393391600026X","article-title":"The role of the crop in poultry production","volume":"72","author":"Classen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Worlds Poult Sci J"},{"key":"R23-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10030454","article-title":"Application of Bacillus coagulans in animal husbandry and its underlying mechanisms","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"R24-20260727","first-page":"1","article-title":"Beneficial effect of Bacillus coagulans DSM 32016 on performance and productivity of broiler breeders","volume":"10","author":"Parhizkar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Livest Sci Technol"},{"key":"R25-20260727","first-page":"e06158","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of TechnoSpore(\u00ae) (Bacillus coagulans DSM 32016) for piglets, other growing Suidae, chickens for fattening, other poultry for fattening and ornamental birds","volume":"18","author":"Bampidis","year":"2020","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"R26-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2020.e00575","article-title":"Production and stability of a multi-strain Bacillus based probiotic product for commercial use in poultry","volume":"29","author":"Ramlucken","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biotechnol Rep (Amst)"},{"key":"R27-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2015.11.005","article-title":"Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review","volume":"6","author":"Balouiri","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pharm Anal"},{"key":"R28-20260727","article-title":"Effect of Choice Feeding on Foot Pad Dermatitis and Tonic Immobility in Broiler Chickens","author":"Toghyani","year":"2014","journal-title":"25th Australian Poultry Science Symposium (APSS)"},{"key":"R29-20260727","first-page":"245","article-title":"Measurement of some poultry performance parameters","volume":"88","author":"Brady","year":"1968","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"R32-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/85.8.1383","article-title":"Mortality and growth performance of broilers given drinking water supplemented with chicken-specific probiotics","volume":"85","author":"Timmerman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"R34-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"BSR20194296","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20194296","article-title":"The effect of different concentrations of gold nanoparticles on growth performance, toxicopathological and immunological parameters of broiler chickens","author":"Hassanen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"R35-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20210026","DOI":"10.37496\/rbz5020210026","article-title":"Performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal histomorphometry of broilers fed diet supplemented with guava extract standardized in phenolic compounds","volume":"50","author":"Noleto-Mendon\u00e7a","year":"2021","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia"},{"key":"R36-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3002","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2014-04212","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of probiotic and salinomycin effects on performance and coccidiosis control in broiler chickens","volume":"93","author":"Abdelrahman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"R38-20260727","first-page":"p. 95","article-title":"Divergent selection for high and low antibody titer against sheep red blood cells in Fayomi chickens","author":"Atta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc 3rd All Africant Conf. Anim. Agric. & amp; 11th Conf. Egyptian soc. Anim. Prod. Alexandria, Egypt"},{"key":"R41-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","article-title":"Expert consensus document. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic","volume":"11","author":"Hill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R42-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3531","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms10083531","article-title":"The role of probiotics in the poultry industry","volume":"10","author":"Lutful Kabir","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R43-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2478\/v10220-012-0055-x","article-title":"The usefulness of prebiotics and probiotics in modern poultry nutrition: A review","volume":"13","author":"Alloui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Anim Sci"},{"key":"R44-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664387","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.664387","article-title":"In ovo and oral administration of probiotic lactobacilli modulate cell- and antibody-mediated immune responses in newly hatched chicks","volume":"12","author":"Alizadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"R45-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1079\/WPS19990020","article-title":"Poultry meat and food safety: Pre\u2013 and post-harvest approaches to reduce foodborne pathogens","volume":"55","author":"Hafez","year":"1999","journal-title":"World's Poultry Science Journal"},{"key":"R46-20260727","first-page":"137","article-title":"Terminology concepts of probiotic and prebiotic, and their role in human and animal health","volume":"33","author":"Ferreira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Salud Anim"},{"key":"R47-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015014829605","article-title":"Gastric or rectal instillation of short-chain fatty acids stimulates epithelial cell proliferation of small and large intestine in rats","volume":"47","author":"Ichikawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"R48-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252308001540","article-title":"Probiotics, prebiotics and competitive exclusion for prophylaxis against bacterial disease","volume":"9","author":"Callaway","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim Health Res Rev"},{"key":"R49-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.8.3119-3121.2004","article-title":"Inhibitory activities of colicins against Escherichia coli strains responsible for postweaning diarrhea and edema disease in swine","volume":"48","author":"Stahl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"R50-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2003.188.194","article-title":"Effect of adding chicory fructans in feed on fecal and intestinal microflora and excreta volatile ammonia","volume":"2","author":"Yusrizal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Poult Sci"},{"key":"R51-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/83.5.788","article-title":"Effects of Lactobacilli and an acidophilic fungus on the production performance and immune responses in broiler chickens","volume":"83","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"R52-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2007.09.003","article-title":"Gene expression profiling of chicken lymphoid cells after treatment with Lactobacillus acidophilus cellular components","volume":"32","author":"Brisbin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"R53-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1159\/000342079","article-title":"Probiotic mechanisms of action","volume":"61","author":"Bermudez-Brito","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"R54-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1515\/aoas-2016-0092","article-title":"Overview of prebiotics and probiotics: Focus on performance, gut health and immunity\u2014A review","volume":"17","author":"Adhikari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Anim Sci"},{"key":"R55-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(02)00121-6","article-title":"Histological alterations of intestinal villi in chickens fed dried Bacillus subtilis var. natto","volume":"133","author":"Samanya","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol"},{"key":"R56-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02813","article-title":"Effects of probiotic-supplemented diets on growth performance and intestinal immune characteristics of broiler chickens","volume":"92","author":"Bai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"R57-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703441","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.703441","article-title":"Lactic acid bacteria \u2013 A promising tool for controlling chicken campylobacter Infection","volume":"12","author":"Wyszy\u0144ska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"R58-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1515\/opag-2022-0110","article-title":"Meta-analysis of responses of Bacillus supplementation: Intestinal histomorphometry and blood immunoglobulin","volume":"7","author":"Ogbuewu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Agric"},{"key":"R59-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011715","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1011715","article-title":"Dietary supplementation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with \u03b2-glucan and\/or Bacillus coagulans: Synergistic impacts on performance, immune responses, redox status and expression of some related genes","volume":"9","author":"Fath El-Bab","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"R60-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13213-022-01687-3","article-title":"Application of Weizmannia coagulans in the medical and livestock industry","volume":"72","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Microbiol"},{"key":"R61-20260727","first-page":"16","article-title":"Weizmannia coagulans: An ideal probiotic for gut health","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci Hum Wellness"},{"key":"R63-20260727","article-title":"From Acidifiers to Intestinal Health Enhancers: How Organic Acids Can Improve Growth Efficiency of Pigs","volume":"10","author":"Tugnoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"R64-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01151-3","article-title":"Lactate metabolism in human health and disease","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"R65-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688485","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.688485","article-title":"Lactate Is a Metabolic Mediator That Shapes Immune Cell Fate and Function","volume":"12","author":"Caslin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"R66-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/112.12.2261","article-title":"Glucose homeostasis in the chicken","volume":"112","author":"Riesenfeld","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"R67-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125316675579","article-title":"Lactate in the brain: An update on its relevance to brain energy, neurons, glia and panic disorder","volume":"7","author":"Riske","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther Adv Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"R68-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15071893","article-title":"Bacillus licheniformis: A producer of antimicrobial substances, including antimycobacterials, which are feasible for medical applications","volume":"15","author":"Shleeva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"R69-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13690","article-title":"Bacillus probiotics: An alternative to antibiotics for livestock production","volume":"124","author":"Mingmongkolchai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"R70-20260727","first-page":"163","article-title":"Impact of antibiotic growth promoters on the intestinal microbiota of livestock","volume":"19","author":"Grant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim Health Res Rev"},{"key":"R71-20260727","first-page":"1537","article-title":"Unveiling antibiotic resistance, virulence, and molecular detection of enteric bacterial infections in broilers: A study in Egypt","volume":"55","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Egypt J Vet Sci"},{"key":"R72-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008-00244","article-title":"Effects of dietary inclusion of probiotic and synbiotic on growth performance, organ weights, and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens","volume":"88","author":"Awad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"R73-20260727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104222","article-title":"Bacillus licheniformis suppresses Clostridium perfringens infection via modulating inflammatory response, antioxidant status, inflammasome activation and microbial homeostasis in broilers","volume":"103","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult Sci"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/IJVSM.IJVSM_4_26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T17:00:18Z","timestamp":1785171618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/IJVSM.IJVSM_4_26"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijvsm.ijvsm_4_26","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-4580","2314-4599"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-4580","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-4599","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-17","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-21","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}