{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:29:20Z","timestamp":1786649360933,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depression is a major public health problem in India, placing a substantial burden on individuals, families, and society. Besides clinical assessment, quality of life (QoL) and out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) are key measures to assess the impact of this condition on a patient\u2019s wellbeing. However, there is a dearth of published evidence on both these outcomes from India. Moreover, there is no evidence of concordance between common tools for measuring QoL in patients with depression in Indian settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to assess QoL using the EQ-5D-5L and WHOQOL-BREF tools, estimate OOPE for depression care, identify factors associated with QoL and OOPE, and explore the correlation between the QoL derived from both tools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted at a public tertiary care facility in India, involving semistructured interviews with 259 depression patients. Mean QoL and OOPE were estimated. Multiple linear regression was employed to identify factors associated with QoL and OOPE, while Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between EQ-5D-5L and WHOQOL-BREF domain scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean EQ-5D-5L utility score was 0.731, while the QoL derived from WHOQOL-BREF ranged from 50.41 to 61.00, across the four domains. Factors like depression severity, perceived support, physical activity, and literacy were significantly associated with QoL. The annual OOPE for depression treatment was \u20b935,101. Moderate to strong correlations were observed between EQ-5D-5L and WHOQOL-BREF \u201cphysical health\u201d (r = 0.605) and \u201cpsychological\u201d (r = 0.553) domains, with weaker correlations for \u201csocial relationships\u201d (r = 0.255) and \u201cenvironment\u201d (r = 0.292).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depression leads to significant financial burden on the patient and the family and is associated with lower QoL. Future research should explore the addition of relevant bolt-on dimensions to the EQ-5D-5L to improve its sensitivity in depression assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/indianjpsychiatry_170_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T16:02:00Z","timestamp":1752595320000},"page":"675-684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Quality of life and financial implications of depression in India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Neha","family":"Purohit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarti","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubh M.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shankar","family":"Prinja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e027250","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027250","article-title":"Prevalence and socioeconomic impact of depressive disorders in India: Multisite population-based cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Arvind","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"R5-20260421","first-page":"186","article-title":"Study of quality of life and depression in people living with HIV\/AIDS in India","volume":"23","author":"Jain","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"key":"R6-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPC.IJPC_6_17","article-title":"Prevalence of depression in breast cancer patients and its association with their quality of life: A cross-sectional observational study","volume":"23","author":"Purkayastha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Palliat Care"},{"key":"R7-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2020.03.002","article-title":"Screening for depression in diabetes in an Indian primary care setting: Is depression related to perceived quality of life?","volume":"14","author":"Patra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prim Care Diabetes"},{"key":"R8-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_1665_21","article-title":"Depression and quality of life among elderly: Comparative cross-sectional study between elderly in community and old age homes in Eastern India","volume":"11","author":"Sahoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"key":"R9-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4103\/ijsp.ijsp_32_19","article-title":"Quality of life among patients with depression. 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