{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:31:51Z","timestamp":1787776311025,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Delirium, an acute and often fluctuating disorder of attention and cognition, poses significant challenges in clinical care due to its varied presentation and complex etiological factors. In rural healthcare settings, where resources and awareness are limited, delirium is frequently under-recognized and inadequately managed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the factors associated with and types of delirium and their correlation with sociodemographic profiles in hospitalized patients at a tertiary care rural hospital in Central India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 120 patients diagnosed with delirium and referred to the Department of Psychiatry. A comprehensive assessment was performed using the Delirium Etiology Checklist (DEC) and Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS), and data spanning various associated factors, subtypes, and demographic variables were analyzed using SPSS version 27.0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cohort had a mean age of 48.2 \u00b1 15.96 years, with a predominance of male patients (84.2%). Substance withdrawal (16.96%), anemia (12.5%), and renal derangement (11.6%) emerged as the major factors associated with delirium. Hyperactive delirium was observed in 88.3% of patients, while hypoactive delirium was found in 11.7%. A significant association was noted between cardiac decompensation and sepsis with hypoactive delirium, while substance withdrawal with hyperactive delirium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study highlights the need for a systematic approach to identify and manage delirium\u2019s underlying associated factors, particularly in resource-limited settings, to prevent adverse outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ipj.ipj_16_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T08:00:17Z","timestamp":1747900817000},"page":"317-321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Delirium pattern in hospitalized patients of a tertiary care rural hospital: An observational study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Kshirod K.","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, MGIMS, Sevagram, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shobhit","family":"Mathur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, MGIMS, Sevagram, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260422","first-page":"319","article-title":"The psychiatric diagnosis guide-DSM-5-nnovations and criticism","volume":"154","author":"Hess","year":"2015","journal-title":"Harefuah"},{"key":"R2-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60994-6","article-title":"Delirium in elderly people\u2013authors\u2019reply","volume":"383","author":"Inouye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R3-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2249950","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.49950","article-title":"Predisposing and precipitating factors associated with delirium: A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Ormseth","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"R4-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2008.072025","article-title":"Delirium in the elderly: A clinical review","volume":"85","author":"Saxena","year":"2009","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"R5-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0218.43225","article-title":"Geriatric health in India: Concerns and solutions","volume":"33","author":"Ingle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Community Med"},{"key":"R6-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2008.06.001","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical profile of delirium: A study from a tertiary-care hospital in north India","volume":"31","author":"Grover","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"R7-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S329","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.224473","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for management of delirium in elderly","volume":"60","author":"Grover","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R8-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.023366","article-title":"Delirium","volume":"75","author":"Burns","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R9-20260422","first-page":"25","article-title":"Insight into delirium","volume":"8","author":"Ali","year":"2011","journal-title":"Innov Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"R10-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1130-0","article-title":"Electrolyte disorders and aging: Risk factors for delirium in patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"R11-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686665","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.686665","article-title":"Predisposing and precipitating risk factors for delirium in elderly patients admitted to a cardiology ward: An observational cohort study in 1,042 patients","volume":"8","author":"Zipser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"R12-20260422","first-page":"56","article-title":"Symptoms and aetiology of delirium: A comparison of elderly and adult patients","volume":"23","author":"Grover","year":"2013","journal-title":"East Asian Arch Psychiatry"},{"key":"R13-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12671","article-title":"Alcohol withdrawal syndrome: Mechanisms, manifestations, and management","volume":"135","author":"Jesse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"R14-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1159\/000095126","article-title":"Is anaemia a risk factor for delirium in an acute geriatric population?","volume":"52","author":"Joosten","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"R15-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04131-9","article-title":"Acute kidney injury-associated delirium: A review of clinical and pathophysiological mechanisms","volume":"26","author":"Pang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"R16-20260422","first-page":"1","article-title":"Delirium","volume":"6","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"key":"R17-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4690","article-title":"Detection and management of hyperactive and hypoactive delirium in older patients during hospitalization: A retrospective cohort study evaluating daily practice","volume":"33","author":"van Velthuijsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R18-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0270889","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270889","article-title":"Delirium and its association with short-term outcomes in younger and older patients with acute heart failure","volume":"17","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R19-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2018.07.003","article-title":"Delirium subtypes and associated characteristics in older patients with exacerbation of chronic conditions","volume":"26","author":"Gual","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R20-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041273","article-title":"Sepsis-associated delirium: A narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Tokuda","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"}],"container-title":["Industrial Psychiatry Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ipj.ipj_16_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:02:37Z","timestamp":1787774557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ipj.ipj_16_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ipj.ipj_16_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0972-6748","0976-2795"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-6748","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-2795","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-17","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-17","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}