{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T21:29:13Z","timestamp":1789507753687,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric condition, often resistant to pharmacotherapy. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a potential neuromodulatory treatment for resistant OCD. However, evidence regarding its efficacy in an Indian clinical setting remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive low-frequency rTMS applied over the right supplementary motor area (SMA) in patients with treatment-resistant OCD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A prospective, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study was conducted at a tertiary care center. Thirty treatment-resistant OCD patients were recruited and randomized into active rTMS (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 15) and sham rTMS (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 15) groups. rTMS was administered at 1 Hz frequency, at 100% motor threshold, for two weeks, followed by a four-week gap, and another two-week session. Yale\u2013Brown Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) scores were assessed at baseline, posttreatment (two weeks), and follow-ups at six and eight weeks. A reduction of \u226525% in Y-BOCS score was considered a positive response.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 28 patients completed the study (active\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 13, sham\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 15). Baseline demographic and clinical variables were comparable. Mean Y-BOCS reduction at eight weeks was significantly higher in the active rTMS group compared to sham (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Active rTMS was well tolerated, with headache being the most common adverse effect.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low-frequency rTMS over the SMA shows promise as an adjunctive treatment for resistant OCD. Further studies with larger samples and extended follow-up periods are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ipj.ipj_54_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T12:01:59Z","timestamp":1759492919000},"page":"498-503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as an adjunctive treatment in resistant obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Kartikeya R.","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Mindful Psychiatry Care, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Shri Ramkrishna Institute of Medical Science and Sanaka Hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi M.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Manovritti Mind Care Services, Sector-37, Faridabad, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinay S.","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohit","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Command Hospital, Southern Command, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prateek","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srikrishna P.","family":"Panda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R1-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S200","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.69233","article-title":"An overview of Indian research in obsessive compulsive disorder","volume":"52","author":"Reddy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R2-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.09.005","article-title":"Multiple pathways to functional impairment in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"30","author":"Markarian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"R5-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2004.11.006","article-title":"The neuropsychology of obsessive compulsive disorder: The importance of failures in cognitive and behavioural inhibition as candidate endophenotypic markers","volume":"29","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"R6-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.09.005","article-title":"Integrating evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder: The orbitofronto-striatal model revisited","volume":"32","author":"Menzies","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"R7-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.6.867","article-title":"Effect of prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A preliminary study","volume":"154","author":"Greenberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R8-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.225","article-title":"Somatic treatments for mood disorders","volume":"37","author":"Rosa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"R9-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707001092","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder: A double-blind controlled investigation","volume":"37","author":"Sachdev","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R10-20260420","first-page":"477","article-title":"The neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: New findings from functional magnetic resonance imaging (I)","volume":"50","author":"Pena-Garijo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"R11-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.7.1143","article-title":"Right prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"158","author":"Alonso","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R12-20260420","first-page":"226","article-title":"Augmentation effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the orbitofrontal cortex in drug-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder patients: A controlled investigation","volume":"11","author":"Ruffini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R13-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-018-9566-7","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of different cortical targets used in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)","volume":"89","author":"Rehn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatr Q"},{"key":"R14-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1159\/000348725","article-title":"Culture and psychiatric diagnosis","volume":"33","author":"Lewis-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv Psychosom Med"},{"key":"R15-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118890233.ch4","article-title":"Cross-cultural phenomenology of obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"1","author":"Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wiley Handb Obs Compuls Disord"},{"key":"R17-20260420","first-page":"65","article-title":"Augmentation strategies for treatment resistant obsessivecompulsive disorder","volume":"1","author":"Koran","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"R18-20260420","first-page":"2975","article-title":"Risk of seizures in transcranial magnetic stimulation: A clinical review to inform consent process focused on bupropion","volume":"11","author":"Dobek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"R19-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145709990435","article-title":"Randomized sham-controlled trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment-resistant obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"13","author":"Mantovani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"R20-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199705)20:5<570::AID-MUS5>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Corticomotor threshold to magnetic stimulation: Normal values and repeatability","volume":"20","author":"Mills","year":"1997","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"R21-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19060656","article-title":"Efficacy of deep brain stimulation of the ventral anterior limb of the internal capsule for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: A clinical cohort of 70 patients","volume":"177","author":"Denys","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R22-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0133591","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133591","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis of treatment outcome and predictors of response","volume":"10","author":"Alonso","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Industrial Psychiatry Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ipj.ipj_54_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:55:57Z","timestamp":1786647357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ipj.ipj_54_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ipj.ipj_54_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0972-6748","0976-2795"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-6748","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-2795","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-18","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-14","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}