{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:20:40Z","timestamp":1787775640827,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Malocclusion has been linked to various factors out of which certain dietary patterns and unhealthy habits are the most overlooked. The dietary patterns and unhealthy habits vary according to socioeconomic status. The present research was aimed to perform an association of malocclusion severity with socioeconomic status. This study was done in a retrospective manner and was conducted at Saveetha Dental College. A total of 241 clinical case records of the participants with malocclusion reporting for orthodontic therapy were selected and enrolled for the study. Data on the socioeconomic status and the severity of malocclusion as assessed with the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IOTNs) index were noted. All these records were collected and entered into Excel and then analyzed through statistics. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric Chi-square tests were performed. From the analysis, the proportion of IOTN Grade 1 malocclusion (30%) was found to be the highest. The highest number of patients with Grade 1 malocclusion belonged to the lower socioeconomic class. Socioeconomic status and the severity of malocclusion were significantly associated with each other. Malocclusion prevalence and severity were more among participants belonging to lower socioeconomic groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/japtr.japtr_120_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T11:41:46Z","timestamp":1716810106000},"page":"S40-S44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of severity of malocclusion with socioeconomic status in the South Indian population"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Sagana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravindra Kumar","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arya S.","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ejo.a035999","article-title":"The development of an index of orthodontic treatment priority","volume":"11","author":"Brook","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"R3-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(05)81064-9","article-title":"Angle classification revisited 2: A modified Angle classification","volume":"102","author":"Katz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R4-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.06.001","article-title":"An insight into four orthodontic treatment need indices","volume":"12","author":"Borzabadi-Farahani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"R5-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2007.03.002","article-title":"Oral health-related benefits of orthodontic treatment","volume":"13","author":"Burden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"R6-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-9-34","article-title":"Factors associated with the desire for orthodontic treatment among Brazilian adolescents and their parents","volume":"9","author":"Marques","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"R7-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.2319\/051710-263.1","article-title":"Effect of anterior teeth display during smiling on the self-perceived impacts of malocclusion in adolescents","volume":"81","author":"Paula","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"R8-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2008.72.8.tb04564.x","article-title":"Does orthodontic treatment affect patients' quality of life?","volume":"72","author":"Kiyak","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Dent Educ"},{"key":"R10-20260225","first-page":"97","article-title":"Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the United States: estimates from the NHANES III survey","volume":"13","author":"Proffit","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg"},{"key":"R11-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2001.0121","article-title":"Effects of oral habits' duration on dental characteristics in the primary dentition","volume":"132","author":"Warren","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"R12-20260225","first-page":"23","article-title":"Dummy- and finger-sucking habits with special attention to their significance for facial growth and occlusion. 7. The effect of earlier dummy- and finger-sucking habit in 16-year-old children compared with children without earlier sucking habit","volume":"2","author":"Larsson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Swed Dent J"},{"key":"R13-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2018.05.001","article-title":"Orthodontic extrusion of Ellis Class VIII fracture of maxillary lateral incisor \u2013 The sling shot method","volume":"30","author":"Felicita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi Dent J"},{"key":"R14-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-020-00338-0","article-title":"Development and validation of a formula for objective assessment of cervical vertebral bone age","volume":"21","author":"Chandrasekar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"key":"R15-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12414","article-title":"Skeletally anchored forsus fatigue resistant device for correction of Class II malocclusions \u2013 A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Arvind","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"R16-20260225","article-title":"Metal-Organic Frameworks for Chemical Reactions: From Organic Transformations to Energy Applications","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"eBook ISBN: 9780128232620 Elsevier;"},{"key":"R17-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651951.","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.651951","article-title":"Sagittal jaw relationship of different types of cleft and non-cleft individuals","volume":"9","author":"Alam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"R18-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5512031.","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5512031","article-title":"The use of technology in the management of orthodontic treatment-related pain","volume":"2021","author":"Marya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"R19-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9954615.","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9954615","article-title":"Robotic applications in orthodontics: Changing the face of contemporary clinical care","volume":"2021","author":"Adel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"R20-20260225","first-page":"438.","article-title":"A comparison of craniofacial characteristics between two different adult populations with class II malocclusion \u2013 A cross-sectional retrospective study","volume":"10","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"R21-20260225","first-page":"53","article-title":"Outstanding, yet redundant?","volume":"27","author":"Venugopal","year":"2021","journal-title":"After all, you may be another Choluteca Bridge! Semin Orthod"},{"key":"R22-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631103.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.631103","article-title":"Assessing the potential association between microbes and corrosion of intra-oral metallic alloy-based dental appliances through a systematic review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Gopalakrishnan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"R23-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.07.037","article-title":"The quagmire of collegiality vs. competitiveness","volume":"159","author":"Venugopal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R24-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5848.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18115848","article-title":"Risk perception of SARS-CoV-2 infection and implementation of various protective measures by dentists across various countries","volume":"18","author":"Marya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"R25-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0445","article-title":"Comparative estimation of sulfiredoxin levels between chronic periodontitis and healthy patients \u2013 A case-control study","volume":"89","author":"Ramesh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R26-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105030.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2020.105030","article-title":"Aberrations of m6A regulators are associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"122","author":"Arumugam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"R27-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2021.01.025","article-title":"Is photodynamic therapy a viable antiviral weapon against COVID-19 in dentistry?","volume":"132","author":"Joseph","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"R28-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12806","article-title":"Syzygium cumini extract induced reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in human oral squamous carcinoma cells","volume":"48","author":"Ezhilarasan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R29-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1097\/ID.0000000000000885","article-title":"Compatibility of nonoriginal abutments with implants: Evaluation of microgap at the implant-abutment interface, with original and nonoriginal abutments","volume":"28","author":"Duraisamy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Implant Dent"},{"key":"R30-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/13510002.2019.1624085","article-title":"Antioxidant potential of theaflavin ameliorates the activities of key enzymes of glucose metabolism in high fat diet and streptozotocin \u2013 Induced diabetic rats","volume":"24","author":"Gothandam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Redox Rep"},{"key":"R31-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152840.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152840","article-title":"Hepatotoxic potentials of methotrexate: Understanding the possible toxicological molecular mechanisms","volume":"458","author":"Ezhilarasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"R32-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13827.","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.13827","article-title":"Dietary microRNAs: Current status and perspective in food science","volume":"45","author":"Preethi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Food Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"R33-20260225","first-page":"1010","article-title":"A diagnostic challenge: Gingival lesions in a post irradiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient","volume":"4","author":"Sng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Austin Head Neck Oncol"},{"key":"R34-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.90296","article-title":"Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 16 and 17 year-old school-going children in Shimla city, Himachal Pradesh","volume":"22","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"},{"key":"R35-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2002.128465","article-title":"Evaluation of the peer assessment rating (PAR) index as an index of orthodontic treatment need","volume":"122","author":"Firestone","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R36-20260225","first-page":"45","article-title":"The use of occlusal indices in high-impact literature","volume":"29","author":"Bellot-Arc\u00eds","year":"2012","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"R37-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2011.41.6.440","article-title":"Associations between normative and self-perceived orthodontic treatment needs in young-adult dental patients","volume":"41","author":"Oshagh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"key":"R38-20260225","first-page":"5","article-title":"Perceived, desired, and normatively determined orthodontic treatment needs among orthodontically untreated Nigerian adolescents","volume":"22","author":"Onyeaso","year":"2003","journal-title":"West Afr J Med"},{"key":"R39-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2004.tb00269.x","article-title":"Malocclusions and orthodontic treatment needs in a group of Spanish adolescents using the Dental Aesthetic Index","volume":"54","author":"Baca-Garcia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"R40-20260225","first-page":"417","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment need in Peruvian young adults evaluated through dental aesthetic index","volume":"76","author":"Bernab\u00e9","year":"2006","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"R41-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-018-0476-8","article-title":"The prevalence of malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment among adolescents in the northern border region of Saudi Arabia: An epidemiological study","volume":"18","author":"Gudipaneni","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"R42-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1159\/000316371","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment need in adolescent Kuwaitis: Prevalence, severity and manpower requirements","volume":"19","author":"Al-Azemi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"R43-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-4388.31982","article-title":"The use of index of orthodontic treatment need in an Iranian population","volume":"25","author":"Hedayati","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent"},{"key":"R44-20260225","first-page":"69","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment needs in an urban Iranian population, an epidemiological study of 11-14 year old children","volume":"10","author":"Borzabadi-Farahani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"R45-20260225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pio.2012.03.002","article-title":"A review of the oral health-related evidence that supports the orthodontic treatment need indices","volume":"13","author":"Borzabadi-Farahani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"}],"container-title":["Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/japtr.japtr_120_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:37:14Z","timestamp":1787773034000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/japtr.japtr_120_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/japtr.japtr_120_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["2231-4040","0976-2094"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2231-4040","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-2094","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-18","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-14","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}