{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:27:33Z","timestamp":1786739253937,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"\n Besides adenovirus, pneumonia can also be caused by bacteria. One of the most common bacteria causing the pneumonia is\n Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n pneumonia<\/jats:italic>\n e. Currently, treatment by antibiotics has been widely used. Nevertheless, the increasing failure of existing antibiotics because of antibiotic resistance resulted by bacterial pathogens has become a serious problem to human health. Hence, there is a need for a new antibacterial potential agent against\n K<\/jats:italic>\n .\n pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n as an alternative treatment to the pneumonia to prevent the risk of a severe pneumonia for both healthy people and those already infected with the pneumonia. This study, therefore, investigated the antibacterial activity of some selected plants (\n Pandanus<\/jats:italic>\n tectorius<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Nypa<\/jats:italic>\n fruticans<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Sonneratia<\/jats:italic>\n alba<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Phaleria<\/jats:italic>\n macrocarpa<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Hibiscus<\/jats:italic>\n tiliaceus<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Pongamia<\/jats:italic>\n pinnata<\/jats:italic>\n ) against\n K<\/jats:italic>\n .\n pneumonia<\/jats:italic>\n e. In this study, samples were extracted successively by cold maceration using hexane and methanol. Antibacterial activity was determined by well and disc diffusion methods. Each fraction was prepared by two-fold dilutions from 20 mg\/mL to 0.156 mg\/mL. All data were analyzed in triplicate replication and presented as mean values \u00b1 standard deviation. Results showed that all methanol fractions of selected plants had antibacterial activity against\n K<\/jats:italic>\n .\n pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n , and well-diffusion method showed better antibacterial results compared to the agar well-diffusion method. The strongest activity was obtained by methanol fraction of\n S<\/jats:italic>\n .\n alba<\/jats:italic>\n leaf, followed by\n P<\/jats:italic>\n .\n pinnata<\/jats:italic>\n leaf,\n Nypa fruticans<\/jats:italic>\n bark,\n H<\/jats:italic>\n .\n tiliaceus<\/jats:italic>\n leaf,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n .\n macrocarpa<\/jats:italic>\n leaf, and\n P<\/jats:italic>\n .\n tectorius<\/jats:italic>\n leaf with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) value between 0.625 and 5.0 mg\/mL. Phytochemical screening revealed that all methanol fractions were rich in flavonoid content, which could have contributed to their antibacterial activity.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/japtr.japtr_183_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T04:53:44Z","timestamp":1690952024000},"page":"220-225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Antibacterial activity of hexane and methanol fractions of some selected plants against Klebsiella pneumoniae"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yosie","family":"Andriani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wahdini","family":"Hanifah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alifa Husnun","family":"Kholieqoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fadzilah Adibah","family":"Abdul Majid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermansyah","family":"Hermansyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural, Sriwijaya University, Palembang, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermansyah","family":"Amir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Educational Chemistry Program, 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