{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:58:22Z","timestamp":1787169502401,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Male fertility preservation can be achieved through assisted reproductive technology, in which sperm cryopreservation plays an essential role. However, the freezing\u2013thawing process induces cellular stress, primarily through intracellular ice crystal formation, which damages membranes, organelles, and exacerbates osmotic and oxidative stress. This study aims to determine whether sperm cryopreservation and preparation affect sperm concentration and motility, cryosurvival rate (CSR), DNA fragmentation, and ultrastructure after thawing. A total of 10 human sperm samples were rapidly frozen in cryovials, with prefreeze and postthaw analyses compared against fresh controls, assessing sperm parameters, DNA fragmentation, and ultrastructure (scanning electron microscope). Statistical analysis included paired comparisons for two groups and multigroup tests with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                    analysis. CSR was compared to 100% using a one-sample\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                    -test.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Sperm concentration decreased both after washing and after thawing compared to before freezing, while motility increased after washing, but it significantly decreased after thawing. The sperm motility result was confirmed by a significantly reduced CSR and DNA fragmentation index, which significantly increased at after thawing. Ultrastructure analysis also revealed more sperm damage after thawing. Cryopreservation impairs sperm motility, CSR, DNA fragmentation, and ultrastructure. Since\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    fertilization requires sperm with good morphology and motility, new strategies are needed to minimize cryodamage.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/japtr.japtr_221_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T05:00:14Z","timestamp":1770699614000},"page":"31-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of sperm cryopreservation and preparation before freezing\u2013thawing process: A study of DNA fragmentation and ultrastructure"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Silvia Werdhy","family":"Lestari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manggiasih Dwiayu","family":"Larasati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, Bachelor of Midwifery Program, Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuraida","family":"Zuraida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Fort de Kock University, Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gita","family":"Pratama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mulyoto","family":"Pangestu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Monash, Clayton, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aufa","family":"Raihana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arya Nandhana","family":"Syariendrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafi Akbar","family":"Putranto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-017-0973-8","article-title":"Sperm parameters that play a major role in the assessment of semen quality after cryopreservation","volume":"34","author":"Palomar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"R2-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749735","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.749735","article-title":"Effect of trehalose and sucrose in post-thaw quality of Crassostrea angulata sperm","volume":"12","author":"Anjos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"R3-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12847","article-title":"Human sperm vitrification: A scientific report","volume":"8","author":"Schulz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"R4-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2014.04.007","article-title":"Evaluation of intracellular and extracellular trehalose as a cryoprotectant of stem cells obtained from umbilical cord blood","volume":"68","author":"Motta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"key":"R5-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-2927.2013.00116.x","article-title":"Analysis of DNA damage after human sperm cryopreservation in genes crucial for fertilization and early embryo development","volume":"1","author":"Valcarce","year":"2013","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"R6-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.03.005","article-title":"Changes in DNA fragmentation during sperm preparation for intracytoplasmic sperm injection over time","volume":"100","author":"Rougier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"R7-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-010-9383-2","article-title":"Lessons from nature for preservation of mammalian cells, tissues, and organs. 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