{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:23:13Z","timestamp":1787746993983,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"\n A\n BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Adequate wound healing is important for re-establishing the normal skin function. Determining the most suitable therapeutic strategy for skin repair involves multiple considerations, including wound type and condition, injury severity, lesion extent, and exudate level.\n Mitragyna speciosa<\/jats:italic>\n (\n M. speciosa)<\/jats:italic>\n is prominent for its therapeutic benefits and wound-healing properties. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have proven beneficial for the\n M. speciosa<\/jats:italic>\n extract, due to the restricted biocompatibility of active compounds in\n M. speciosa<\/jats:italic>\n leaves. This study is the first to showcase the potential of\n M. speciosa<\/jats:italic>\n leaf extract encapsulated in NLCs in a hydrogel for wound healing in rat models.\n M. speciosa<\/jats:italic>\n leaf extract\u2013encapsulated NLCs (MS-NLC) in hydrogel film can enhance wound recovery in rat models by facilitating faster wound contraction and promoting tissue repair in a shorter period as new growth tissue was visible at the peripheries of the abrasion observed from Day 3, hydroxyproline levels on day 21 was significantly higher than day 6 and day 15 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > 0.05), and the reading of tumor growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-\u03b21) through quantitative-polymerase chain reaction results on day 6 further revealed upregulation particularly in the 1000 mg\/mL hydrogel group, reflecting active fibroblast function and tissue repair. TGF-\u03b21 signaling is involved in key wound healing processes and could facilitate wound recovery observed with the MS-NLC hydrogel film, supporting its potential as a novel wound healing approach. However, the absence of a vehicle control limits the ability to attribute the observed effects solely to the active extract.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/japtr.japtr_257_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T15:00:09Z","timestamp":1786546809000},"page":"275-281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A novel approach for wound treatment using Mitragyna speciosa-encapsulated nanostructured lipid carriers in hydrogel film"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Anan Khadijah Imani","family":"Zulkifli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Centre for Foundation Studies in Sciences, University of Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siti Efliza","family":"Ashari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Centre for Foundation Studies in Sciences, University of Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syahida","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Science Biomolecular, University of Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masriana","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razana Mohd","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.10.077","article-title":"Novel bilayer wound dressing composed of silicone rubber with particular micropores enhanced wound re-epithelialization and contraction","volume":"40","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"R2-20260826","first-page":"578","article-title":"Application of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes in the treatment of skin wounds","volume":"4","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Smart Mater Med"},{"key":"R3-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12080735","article-title":"Skin wound healing process and new emerging technologies for skin wound care and regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Tottoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"R5-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(88)90121-3","article-title":"Ethnopharmacology of kratom and the Mitragyna alkaloids","volume":"23","author":"Jansen","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"R6-20260826","first-page":"907","article-title":"Phytochemical characterization of the leaves of Mitragyna speciosa grown in USA","volume":"4","author":"Le\u00f3n","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Product Commun"},{"key":"R7-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.12.038","article-title":"Motives for using Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) 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Havil leaf ultrasound-assisted methanol crude extract and fractions","volume":"50","author":"Zakaria","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biocatal Agric Biotechnol"},{"key":"R14-20260826","first-page":"92","article-title":"Evaluation of phytochemical composition, antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of Mitragyna speciosa methanolic extract (MSME)","volume":"18","author":"Fatin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Malays J Med Health Sci"},{"key":"R15-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.26650\/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1424150","article-title":"Mitragyna speciosa Korth downregulates macrophage inflammatory responses by inhibiting TLR-4 and increasing IL-10 production","volume":"54","author":"Kafo","year":"2024","journal-title":"\u0130stanbul J Pharm"},{"key":"R16-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1094","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.1094","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory hydrogel dressings and skin wound healing","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"key":"R17-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509359125","article-title":"Factors affecting wound healing","volume":"89","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"R18-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1159\/000226292","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Mitragyna speciosa Korth methanolic extract","volume":"18","author":"Shaik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"R19-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.03.040","article-title":"The effects of Polygonum cuspidatum extract on wound healing in rats","volume":"141","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"R20-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2015.12.002","article-title":"Evaluation of wound healing, anti-microbial and antioxidant potential of Pongamia pinnata in wistar rats","volume":"7","author":"Dwivedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Tradit Complement Med"},{"key":"R21-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2008.00410.x","article-title":"Growth factors and cytokines in wound healing","volume":"16","author":"Barrientos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"key":"R22-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2013.0466","article-title":"The role of TGFb signaling in wound epithelialization","volume":"3","author":"Ramirez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle)"},{"key":"R23-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2004.19.6.853","article-title":"Differential expression of TGF-beta isoforms during differentiation of HaCaT human keratinocyte cells: Implication for the separate role in epidermal differentiation","volume":"19","author":"Cho","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"R24-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.1039\/D3SC00145H","article-title":"Conductive hydrogels for tissue repair","volume":"14","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/JAPTR.JAPTR_257_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:01:05Z","timestamp":1787745665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/JAPTR.JAPTR_257_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/japtr.japtr_257_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2231-4040","0976-2094"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2231-4040","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-2094","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-18","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-22","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}