{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:23:14Z","timestamp":1787746994369,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Skin aging is a biological process, characterized by wrinkle formation, loss of elasticity, and decreased hydration. It is influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including ultraviolet (UV) exposure, pollution, and oxidative stress. This study developed a topical formulation combining bergamot essential oil (EOBs) and virgin coconut oil within an ionic gel system, encapsulated in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), aiming to provide anti-aging, moisturizing, and UV-protective benefits. The GEOBs-VNLCs ionic gel formulation was prepared using a gelation method that combined sonication with dropwise stirring, followed by encapsulation within an NLC matrix via heating and homogenization, involving the formation of lipid and aqueous phases. The GEOBs-VNLCs formulation exhibited an average particle size of 140 \u00b1 1.79 nm, low polydispersity (0.24 \u00b1 0.02), negative zeta potential (\u221231.93 \u00b1 1.17 mV), skin-compatible pH (5.13 \u00b1 0.12), and high encapsulation efficiency (69.20 \u00b1 0.57%), indicating good physicochemical stability for topical application. The formulation demonstrated moderate antioxidant activity (Half-maximal inhibitory concentration 7.39 \u03bcg\/mL; 0.288 mg AAE\/g dw), negligible improvement in skin hydration (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.05), and low photoprotective performance (sun protection factor 8.12; PA+). The GEOBs-VNLCs formulation shows potential as a multifunctional, natural-based skincare system with antioxidant, moisturizing, and mild photoprotective properties.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/japtr.japtr_320_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T15:00:16Z","timestamp":1786546816000},"page":"260-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nanostructured lipid carrier system encapsulating bergamot essential oil within an ionic gel-virgin coconut oil matrix: A promising approach for skin health care"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Arman","family":"Suryani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang, Indonesia"},{"name":"Professional Pharmacist Study Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rofi\u2019uddin","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiaz","family":"Safitri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professional Pharmacist Study Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lutfi","family":"Chabib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Indonesian Islamic University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erza Ridha","family":"Kartika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260826","first-page":"6239","article-title":"Innovative formulation of solid lipid nanoparticle loaded with carrot seed essential oil for potential antioxidant activity and sun protection","volume":"9","author":"Suryani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trop J Nat Prod Res"},{"key":"R2-20260826","first-page":"251","article-title":"Synergistic modification of polyvinyl alcohol and natural phospholipids: Nanoliposomal carrier for Sonneratia caseolaris L delivery and therapeutic care","volume":"15","author":"Suryani","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Appl Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"8868107","key":"R3-20260826","first-page":"1","article-title":"Essential oil and juice from bergamot and sweet orange improve acne vulgaris caused by excessive androgen secretion","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mediators 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applications","volume":"11","author":"Datta","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Biomater Sci Eng"},{"key":"R8-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.46542\/pe.2021.212.210214","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) developed into nanoparticle technology","volume":"21","author":"Chabib","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharm Educ"},{"key":"R9-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.46542\/pe.2022.222.174179","article-title":"Stevia rebaudiana as a nutraceutical for COVID-19 patients with no sugar diet during recovery and its nanoparticle application","volume":"22","author":"Chabib","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharm Educ"},{"key":"R10-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2024.110368","article-title":"Chitosan\/oxidized sodium alginate\/Ca2+ hydrogels: Synthesis, characterization and adsorption 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Gel shampoo: The role of propylene glycol concentration","volume":"16","author":"Chabib","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J App Pharm"},{"key":"R12-20260826","first-page":"178","article-title":"Peppermint essential oil nanoliposomes: Innovative formulation for effective hair growth","volume":"15","author":"Suryani","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Appl Pharm Sci"},{"key":"R13-20260826","first-page":"236","article-title":"Nanoparticles PLGA-chitosan\/Na-alginate as a base for Zanthoxylum acanthopodium fruit extracts delivery and care as antimalarials","volume":"16","author":"Suryani","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Appl Pharm Sci"},{"key":"R15-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.46542\/pe.2024.242.18","article-title":"Development of nanoliposome formulation of beta-carotene using high speed homogeniser method","volume":"24","author":"Chabib","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharm Educ"},{"key":"R16-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s40199-020-00342-z","article-title":"Validated spectrophotometric method for quantification of total triterpenes in plant matrices","volume":"28","author":"Pedrosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Daru"},{"key":"R17-20260826","first-page":"157","article-title":"Ferrous fumarate nanoliposomes: Formulation, characterization, and diffusion profiles","volume":"14","author":"Suryani","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Appl Pharm Sci"},{"key":"R18-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.46542\/pe.2023.232.126132","article-title":"Pineapple fruit extract (Ananas comosus L. 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