{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:42:04Z","timestamp":1786725724608,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Typhoid-like systemic infection caused by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    species can induce immune responses affecting lymphoid organs such as the spleen.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Saurauia vulcani<\/jats:italic>\n                    (pirdot) is a traditional medicinal plant known to contain bioactive compounds with potential immunomodulatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. vulcani<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaf extract on spleen morphometry and histopathology in rats infected with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 8): normal control (K1), negative control infected with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. typhimurium<\/jats:italic>\n                    (K2), positive control treated with chloramphenicol (K3), and treatment group receiving\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. vulcani<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract (K4). The extract was administered orally at a dose of 500 mg\/kg body weight. Spleen weight, spleen volume (cm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), and histological features were evaluated. Data were analyzed using nonparametric tests and presented as medians. Infection increased spleen weight and volume compared to the normal control. The treatment group showed a decreasing trend in spleen weight and volume compared to the negative control; however, the differences were not statistically significant (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.05). Histological observations indicated improved preservation of splenic architecture in the treatment group compared to infected controls.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. vulcani<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaf extract showed a tendency to maintain spleen morphology during\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. typhimurium<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection; however, no statistically significant effect was observed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/japtr.japtr_339_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T16:00:21Z","timestamp":1778342421000},"page":"179-183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Saurauia vulcani leaf extract on spleen morphometric and histopathological changes in rats infected with Salmonella typhimurium"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Samuel Manutur","family":"Simanjuntak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evita","family":"Mayasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lokot Donna","family":"Lubis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Noreen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunita Sari","family":"Pane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.12.009","article-title":"Salmonella infections in the mouse model: Host resistance factors and in vivo dynamics of bacterial spread and distribution","volume":"6","author":"Mastroeni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"R3-20260511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.icb.7100007","article-title":"Salmonella, the host and disease: A brief review","volume":"85","author":"Coburn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Cell 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