{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T02:33:09Z","timestamp":1788229989966,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Composite resins offer superior esthetic and functional benefits; however, their surface roughness can lead to plaque accumulation, microleakage, discoloration, and secondary caries. Polishing systems are essential for achieving smooth surfaces and ensuring long-term clinical success.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the postpolishing surface finish of microhybrid, nanofilled, and nano-hybrid composites using different polishing systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred fifty mandibular molars with standardized box-shaped occlusal cavities (5 mm \u00d7 3 mm \u00d7 2 mm) were restored with nanofilled (Group I), nanohybrid (Group II), and microhybrid (Group III) composites. After curing, all specimens were evaluated for surface roughness under a stylus contact profilometer. Groups were subdivided by polishing system: Shofu, Optragloss, Diacomp-Plus Twist, Kenda, and Sof-Lex spiral. Postpolishing roughness was measured to evaluate the efficacy of different polishing systems on each composite.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Analysis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Paired t-tests evaluated pre- and postpolishing differences, and two-way ANOVA with Tukey\u2019s test compared composite smoothness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nanofilled composites showed the greatest improvement in smoothness (1.63 \u00b1 0.67), followed by nanohybrid (1.56 \u00b1 0.81) and micro-hybrid (1.3 \u00b1 0.58) composites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nanofilled composites provide superior polishability, though the effectiveness of polishing depends on the system used. Selecting an appropriate polishing system ensures optimal surface quality and enhances the longevity of composite restorations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jcde.jcde_1010_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T18:00:19Z","timestamp":1768068019000},"page":"101-106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative in vitro analysis of polishability of different composite resins"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Debarun","family":"Pal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kusum Devi Sunderlal Dugar Jain Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Haldia Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anirban","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Haldia Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asim Bikash","family":"Maity","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Haldia Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayatri","family":"Majumder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Haldia Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.4103\/JCD.JCD_401_20","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of surface roughness and color stability of nanohybrid composite resin after periodic exposure to tea, coffee, and Coca-Cola \u2013An in vitro profilometric and image analysis study","volume":"23","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R2-20260112","first-page":"617672","article-title":"Effect of the polishing procedures on color stability and surface roughness of composite resins","volume":"2011","author":"Schmitt","year":"2011","journal-title":"ISRN Dent"},{"key":"R3-20260112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.4103\/jcd.jcd_395_22","article-title":"Effect of different polishing systems and speeds on the surface roughness of resin composites","volume":"26","author":"Tepe","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R4-20260112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.4103\/JCDE.JCDE_98_25","article-title":"Revolutionizing dental restorations with nanoparticle-incorporated composites","volume":"28","author":"Karunakaran","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent Endod"},{"key":"R5-20260112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.62637","article-title":"The effect of one-step and multi-step polishing systems on surface texture of two different resin composites","volume":"13","author":"Bashetty","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R6-20260112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2018.01.008","article-title":"A randomised controlled study on the use of finishing and polishing systems on different resin composites using 3D contact optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy","volume":"71","author":"Daud","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"R7-20260112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.4103\/jcd.jcd_225_22","article-title":"Quantitative and qualitative surface analysis of three resin composites after polishing \u2013An in vitro study","volume":"25","author":"Mangat","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R8-20260112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(91)90286-6","article-title":"An evaluation of polishing agents for composite resins","volume":"65","author":"Stoddard","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"R9-20260112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.178703","article-title":"Evaluation of surface roughness of three different composite resins with three different polishing systems","volume":"19","author":"Abzal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R10-20260112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2021.03.003","article-title":"Surface roughness and gloss of polished nanofilled and nanohybrid resin composites","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"},{"key":"R11-20260112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.120946","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of the effect of two finishing and polishing systems on four esthetic restorative materials","volume":"16","author":"Rai","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R12-20260112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1698951","article-title":"The effect of one-step and multi-step polishing systems on the surface roughness and microhardness of novel resin composites","volume":"6","author":"Erdemir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"key":"R13-20260112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.4103\/JCDE.JCDE_106_23","article-title":"Surface roughness and microhardness evaluation of composite resin restorations subjected to three different polishing systems immediately and after 24 h:An in vitro study","volume":"26","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent Endod"},{"key":"R14-20260112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.173208","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of surface roughness of resin composites after finishing and polishing","volume":"19","author":"Nair","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R15-20260112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572009000100005","article-title":"Effect of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of microhybrid composites","volume":"17","author":"Scheibe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/JCDE.JCDE_1010_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:37:02Z","timestamp":1786649822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/JCDE.JCDE_1010_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jcde.jcde_1010_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2950-4716","2950-4708"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2950-4716","type":"print"},{"value":"2950-4708","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-02","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-24","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}