{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:22:35Z","timestamp":1787775755336,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical and antibacterial properties of therapeutic seed extracts \u2013 chia, flax, guava, and papaya \u2013 in comparison to calcium hydroxide for potential intracanal application in endodontics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 150 extracted single-rooted teeth were cleaned, decoronated, and standardized to 12 mm. After biomechanical preparation, samples were sterilized and divided into two groups (A and B), each with five subgroups: calcium hydroxide, chia, papaya, flax, and guava seed extracts. Microbial inoculation was performed using polymicrobial samples from infected root canals, followed by incubation for 7\u201314 days. Group A samples were sectioned horizontally (3 mm \u00d7 3 mm \u00d7 2 mm), embedded in acrylic, treated with respective medicaments, and analyzed using confocal microscopy after staining with live\/dead bacterial stain. Group B samples were sectioned vertically (4 mm \u00d7 2 mm \u00d7 2 mm), treated, and subjected to microhardness testing. Seed-based medicaments were prepared by sun-drying, powdering, autoclaving, and mixing with propylene glycol to achieve a homogeneous paste.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chia seed extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity and dentin reinforcement, comparable to calcium hydroxide. Papaya and guava seeds exhibited moderate antibacterial efficacy. Flaxseed demonstrated the lowest performance in both aspects. Calcium hydroxide was effective but did not surpass some natural extracts in mechanical enhancement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chia and papaya seed extracts present promising alternatives to calcium hydroxide, offering dual functionality \u2013 antibacterial efficacy and mechanical reinforcement. These findings support the integration of natural agents in endodontic treatment. Further in vivo and formulation studies are recommended to validate their clinical use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jcde.jcde_1023_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T12:00:40Z","timestamp":1772539240000},"page":"260-264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An in vitro evaluation of various natural intracanal medicaments for the effect of hardness on tooth structure and antimicrobial efficacy"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Sourab","family":"Abhyankar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smitha","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shekhar","family":"Kamishetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tula Sai","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gande","family":"Bhavya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Waseem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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