{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:22:29Z","timestamp":1787775749900,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study aimed to deposit and characterize silver nanoparticle (AgNP)\u2013chitosan composite coatings on nickel\u2013titanium (NiTi) rotary files using an electrochemical deposition method and to evaluate the elemental composition and silver and nickel ions release from the coated instruments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Silver and chitosan nanoparticles were deposited onto Plex V NiTi rotary files (size 25, 0.06 taper) (Orodeka, Jining, China) using an electrochemical deposition method. Group 1: 0.005 g AgNPs +100 mL of 1 Vol.% acetic acid +0.1 g of chitosan, 5V, 1 min. Group 2: 0.005 g AgNPs +100 mL of 1 Vol.% acetic acid +0.1 mL of Polysorbate 20, 0.25 g of Eudragit E 100 + 0.1 g of chitosan, 5V, 1 min. Group 3: 0.005 g AgNPs +100 mL of 1 Vol.% acetic acid +0.1 mL of Polysorbate 20, 0.25 g of Eudragit E 100 + 0.1 g of chitosan,5V, 3 min. Group 4: 0.01 g AgNPs +100 mL of 1 Vol.% acetic acid +0.1 mL of Polysorbate 20, 0.25 g of Eudragit E 100 + 0.1 g of chitosan, 5V, 1 min. Group 5:0.01 g AgNPs +100 mL of 1 Vol.% acetic acid +0.1 mL of Polysorbate 20, 0.25 g of Eudragit E 100 + 0.1 g of chitosan, 5V, 3 min. Deposition was performed with the NiTi file serving as the cathode and a platinum mesh as the anode, while maintaining a fixed interelectrode distance of 10 mm. Following deposition, the coated samples were thoroughly rinsed with distilled water and air-dried. The surface morphology and coating characteristics were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The release of silver and nickel ions from the coated files after immersion in simulated body fluid was quantified using inductively coupled plasma\u2013optical emission spectrometry (ICP\u2013OES).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SEM analysis revealed shallow depressions and irregular texturing on the NiTi rotary files, representing the presence of embedded silver and chitosan nanoparticles. EDAX confirmed the presence of silver along with the underlying NiTi substrate elements, indicating successful coating formation. ICP\u2013OES analysis demonstrated controlled silver ion release from all coated groups, while nickel ion release was not detected, suggesting that the electrochemical deposition process did not adversely affect the NiTi alloy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on the findings of this study, electrochemically deposited AgNP\u2013chitosan coatings on NiTi rotary files demonstrate effective surface modification with controlled silver release, indicating their potential usefulness in enhancing antimicrobial properties during root canal instrumentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jcde.jcde_1081_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T12:00:24Z","timestamp":1772539224000},"page":"231-237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electrochemical deposition of silver nanoparticles on nickel\u2013titanium rotary files: An in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Ram Chowdary","family":"Basam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Takkellapadu, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagesh","family":"Bolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Takkellapadu, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Triveni Rajashekhar","family":"Mandlimath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayesh","family":"Vemuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Takkellapadu, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chukka Ram","family":"Sunil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Takkellapadu, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bandlapally Sreenivasa Guptha","family":"Anila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Takkellapadu, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4103\/JCD.JCD_621_20","article-title":"Biofilm models in endodontics-a narrative review","volume":"24","author":"Garg","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R2-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.4103\/JCDE.JCDE_706_25","article-title":"Evaluation of antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy of different antimicrobial peptides on multispecies biofilm of endodontic pathogens","volume":"28","author":"Kini","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent Endod"},{"key":"R3-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.73386","article-title":"Endodontic microbiology","volume":"13","author":"Narayanan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R4-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.4103\/JCD.JCD_173_17","article-title":"Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles derived from fungi against endo-perio pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacillus pumilus, and Enterococcus faecalis","volume":"20","author":"Halkai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R5-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.4103\/JCDE.JCDE_804_24","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of sodium hypochlorite, silver nanoparticles, and chitosan nanoparticles on gutta-percha cone disinfection and topographical changes analyzed by atomic force microscopy:An in vitro study","volume":"28","author":"Raheja","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent Endod"},{"key":"R6-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.4103\/JCDE.JCDE_393_25","article-title":"Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate with and without silver nanoparticles:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Vandekar","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent Endod"},{"key":"R7-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.4103\/JCDE.JCDE_167_25","article-title":"An in vitro comparative evaluation of silver and chitosan nanoparticles on shear bond strength of nanohybrid composite using different adhesion protocols","volume":"28","author":"Garlapati","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent Endod"},{"key":"R8-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7202","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22137202","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial applications","volume":"22","author":"Bruna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R9-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.4103\/JCDE.JCDE_770_24","article-title":"Antibacterial efficacy of nitrofurantoin impregnated with silver nanoparticles as an intracanal medicament","volume":"28","author":"Tilokani","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent Endod"},{"key":"R10-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12081333","article-title":"Unique properties of surface-functionalized nanoparticles for bio-application:Functionalization mechanisms and importance in application","volume":"12","author":"Ahmad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanomaterials (Basel)"},{"key":"R11-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3654","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles:Electron transfer, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, beneficial and toxicological effects. Mini review","volume":"39","author":"Flores-L\u00f3pez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"R12-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4103\/JCD.JCD_240_17","article-title":"Rotary science and its impact on instrument separation:A focused review","volume":"21","author":"Khasnis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R13-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4533","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14164533","article-title":"Electrophoretically deposited chitosan\/Eudragit E 100\/AgNPs composite coatings on titanium substrate as a silver release system","volume":"14","author":"Paw\u0142owski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"},{"key":"R14-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings10070607","article-title":"Electrophoretic deposition and characterization of Chitosan\/Eudragit E 100 coatings on titanium substrate","volume":"10","author":"Pawlowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Coatings"},{"key":"R15-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings10030245","article-title":"Electrophoretic deposition and characteristics of chitosan-nanosilver composite coatings on a nanotubular TiO2 layer","volume":"10","author":"Bartmanski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Coatings"},{"key":"R16-20260304","first-page":"10293","article-title":"Surface-coating-dependent dissolution, aggregation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation of silver nanoparticles under different irradiation conditions","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"R17-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117382","article-title":"Electrophoretic deposition and characterization of chitosan-molybdenum composite coatings","volume":"255","author":"Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"R18-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2011.08.088","article-title":"Characterization of electrophoretic chitosan coatings on stainless steel","volume":"66","author":"Gebhardt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mater Lett"},{"key":"R19-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.05.021","article-title":"Antibacterial nanoparticles in endodontics:A review","volume":"42","author":"Shrestha","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"R20-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3994","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.8b00859","article-title":"Gentamicin-loaded bioactive hydroxyapatite\/Chitosan composite coating electrodeposited on titanium","volume":"4","author":"Stevanovi\u0107","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Biomater Sci Eng"},{"key":"R21-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1021\/bm100050d","article-title":"Surface functionalization of titanium with chitosan\/gelatin via electrophoretic deposition:Characterization and cell behavior","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"R22-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2018.05.002","article-title":"Chitosan-based coatings for corrosion protection of copper-based alloys:A promising more sustainable approach for cultural heritage applications","volume":"122","author":"Giuliani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Org Coat"},{"key":"R23-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4274\/meandros.galenos.2019.79553","article-title":"Effect of silver ion surface coating on antimicrobial and cutting efficiencies of nickel-titanium rotary files","volume":"21","author":"Cora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Meandros Med Dent J"},{"key":"R24-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5296","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14185296","article-title":"Nanomaterials application in endodontics","volume":"14","author":"Zakrzewski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/JCDE.JCDE_1081_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:41:17Z","timestamp":1787773277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/JCDE.JCDE_1081_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jcde.jcde_1081_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2950-4716","2950-4708"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2950-4716","type":"print"},{"value":"2950-4708","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-24","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-13","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}