{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:43:54Z","timestamp":1786725834504,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n \n Dental caries is a prevalent disease despite various efforts made toward its prevention. The drawbacks of the available preventive agents have led to the quest for a potentially more effective agent with fewer adverse effects. Coffee, a local produce of Coorg, is one such herbal alternative. This study aims to assess the potential antimicrobial activity of Robusta coffee pulp extracts on\n Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 39 participants were divided into three groups with 13 participants each, after obtaining ethical clearance and informed consent: Group A (negative control), sterile water; Group B (positive control), 0.2% chlorhexidine mouth rinse; and Group C, 2.5% coffee pulp extract rinse (prepared according to minimum inhibitory concentration). The saliva samples were collected from the patients in a sterile Eppendorf tube at prerinse for baseline, at 1-h postrinse, and at the end of 2 weeks. The\n S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n colony count was done using image-based software analysis. The acquired data were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA followed by\n post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n Tukey\u2019s test.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Coffee pulp mouth rinse (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.035) and positive control (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.036) groups showed a statistically significant reduction in the microbial count at 2 weeks postrinse (compared to the negative control group).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion and Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n The coffee pulp extract-based mouth rinse is a potential anticariogenic agent that offers few advantages over chlorhexidine as no instances of staining, altered taste, or any allergic reactions were reported by the subjects.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jcde.jcde_149_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T06:09:57Z","timestamp":1700633397000},"page":"693-696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Coffee pulp: From a by-product of coffee production to a potential anticariogenic mouth rinse! An in vivo study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"P. B. Keerthan","family":"Bollamma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. K.","family":"Nanjamma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. C.","family":"Ponnappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e10714","article-title":"Changes in the global burden of untreated dental caries from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study","volume":"8","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"R2-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.4103\/jcd.jcd_54_23","article-title":"The revolutionary evolution in carious lesion management","volume":"26","author":"Philip","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R3-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.55617","article-title":"Dental caries \u2013A complete changeover (part I)","volume":"12","author":"Usha","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R4-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-595X.2002.tb00881.x","article-title":"Mouthrinses and dental caries","volume":"52","author":"Reich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"R5-20240904","first-page":"CD008457","article-title":"Chlorhexidine treatment for the prevention of dental caries in children and adolescents","author":"Walsh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R7-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.173185","article-title":"Effect of digluconate chlorhexidine on bond strength between dental adhesive systems and dentin:A systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Dionysopoulos","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R8-20240904","first-page":"101","article-title":"The role of fluoride mouthrinses in the control of dental caries:A brief review","volume":"20","author":"Adair","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"R9-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2005.0028","article-title":"Controlling the fluoride dosage in a patient with compromised salivary function","volume":"136","author":"Eichmiller","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"R10-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.120958","article-title":"An in-vivo comparative evaluation of two herbal extracts Emblica officinalis and Terminalia chebula with chlorhexidine as an anticaries agent:A preliminary study","volume":"16","author":"Velmurugan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R11-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imr.2016.09.001","article-title":"Comparison of antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and chemical profiles of three coffee (Coffea arabica L.). pulp aqueous extracts","volume":"5","author":"Duangjai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Integr Med Res"},{"key":"R12-20240904","first-page":"398","article-title":"Evaluation of antimicrobial action of coffee and its by-products against Streptococcus mutans:An in vitro study","volume":"10","author":"Keerthan Bollamma","year":"2023","journal-title":"EJPMR"},{"key":"R13-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.53336","article-title":"Can coffee prevent caries?","volume":"12","author":"Anila Namboodiripad","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R14-20240904","first-page":"930","article-title":"Antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, anti-aging potentials, and safety of Arabica coffee cherry extract","volume":"46","author":"Kiattisin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chiang Mai J Sci"},{"key":"R15-20240904","article-title":"Critical evaluation of coffee pulp as an innovative antioxidant dietary fiber ingredient:Nutritional value, functional properties, and acute and sub-chronic toxicity","volume":"60","author":"Ca\u00f1as","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings"},{"key":"R16-20240904","article-title":"Technical Report on the Notification of Cherry Pulp from Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. 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