{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:25:07Z","timestamp":1787765107238,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Endodontic infections have been clearly described as biofilm-mediated infections. Bacteria and their by-products have been known to cause these infections. With the introduction of new drugs and the use of nanoparticles in recent times, there has been a significant reduction in the bacterial load in endodontic infections.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n \n The\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n study focuses on checking the antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles and its combination with other medicaments against the root canal pathogen \u2013\n Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n (\n E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n \n In the present study, 140 extracted human teeth were used. The teeth were sectioned, and biomechanical preparation was done. The root canals of the extracted teeth were inoculated with the culture of\n E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n . The teeth were divided into six groups based on the intracanal medicament used:\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n \n Group 1 \u2013 Silver nanocure gel<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Group 2 \u2013 Silver nanocure gel + Cavisept gel (1:1)<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Group 3 - Silver nanocure gel + Aveu-Cal gel (1:1)<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Group 4 \u2013 Silver nanocure gel + Cavisept gel + Aveu-Cal gel (1:1:1)<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n Group 5 - Positive control (specimens were inoculated with\n Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n and left untreated to confirm the presence of infection)\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Group 6 - Negative control (no bacterial contamination of specimens).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n The colony-forming units were recorded after 48 h of incubation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n The statistical analysis of the colony-forming units was done using the Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests. Silver nanocure gel + Cavisept gel + Aveu-Cal gel (1:1:1) showed the least colony-forming units.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n The present study is an\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n study, in which we concluded that the combination of all the intracanal medicaments is the best for the elimination of\n E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n biofilm from the root canal. The above findings need to be tested\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n also.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jcde.jcde_180_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T01:00:49Z","timestamp":1705280449000},"page":"42-45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["In vitro comparison to study the antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles gel and its various combinants as an intracanal medicament against Enterococcus faecalis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Swaty","family":"Jhamb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. H. S. J. I. D. S and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruchi","family":"Singla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. H. S. J. I. D. S and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amandeep","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. H. S. J. I. D. S and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. H. S. J. I. D. S and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jagat","family":"Bhushan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. H. S. J. I. D. S and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.05.021","article-title":"Success rate of single- versus two-visit root canal treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"38","author":"Paredes-Vieyra","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"R2-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2001.00373.x","article-title":"Effects of four Ni-Ti preparation techniques on root canal geometry assessed by micro computed tomography","volume":"34","author":"Peters","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"R3-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2011.05.028","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of propolis and triantibiotic mixture as an intracanal medicament against Enterococcus faecalis","volume":"37","author":"Madhubala","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"R4-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2013.11.026","article-title":"Effect of long-term exposure to endodontic disinfecting solutions on young and old Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in dentin canals","volume":"40","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"R5-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.02.008","article-title":"Nanoparticulates for antibiofilm treatment and effect of aging on its antibacterial activity","volume":"36","author":"Shrestha","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"R6-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1226338","article-title":"Multifunctional nanoparticles: Cost versus benefit of adding targeting and imaging capabilities","volume":"338","author":"Cheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R7-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05253.x","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles: The powerful nanoweapon against multidrug-resistant bacteria","volume":"112","author":"Rai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"R8-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/16\/10\/059","article-title":"The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles","volume":"16","author":"Morones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"R9-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s12030-009-9029-1","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles toxicity and bactericidal effect against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Nanoscale does matter","volume":"5","author":"Ayala-Nunez","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"R10-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-1546.2012.00284.x","article-title":"Advanced therapeutic options for endodontic biofilms","volume":"22","author":"Kishen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endod Top"},{"key":"R11-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-1546.2012.00279.x","article-title":"Biofilm in endodontic infection","volume":"22","author":"Siqueira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endod Top"},{"key":"R12-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2005.10.049","article-title":"Enterococcus faecalis: Its role in root canal treatment failure and current concepts in retreatment","volume":"32","author":"Stuart","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"R13-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(88)80212-7","article-title":"Effects of calcium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite on the dissolution of necrotic porcine muscle tissue","volume":"14","author":"Hasselgren","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"R14-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1990.tb00409.x","article-title":"Disinfection by endodontic irrigants and dressings of experimentally infected dentinal tubules","volume":"6","author":"Orstavik","year":"1990","journal-title":"Endod Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"R15-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2013.08.022","article-title":"Evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm","volume":"40","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"R16-20240904","first-page":"380278","article-title":"Effect of nanosilver gel, chlorhexidine gluconate, and camphorated phenol on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm","volume":"2014","author":"Bo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Sch Res Notices"},{"key":"R17-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440201302431","article-title":"Development of intracanal formulation containing silver nanoparticles","volume":"25","author":"Bruniera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"key":"R18-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.4103\/JCD.JCD_203_18","article-title":"Antibiofilm efficacy of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against endodontic-periodontal pathogens: An in vitro study","volume":"21","author":"Halkai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R19-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-64402008000100005","article-title":"Antimicrobial effect and pH of chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide alone and associated with other materials","volume":"19","author":"de Souza-Filho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"key":"R20-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/aej.12028","article-title":"Efficacy of a combined nanoparticulate\/calcium hydroxide root canal medication on elimination of Enterococcus faecalis","volume":"40","author":"Javidi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aust Endod J"},{"key":"R21-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.4103\/JCD.JCD_113_20","article-title":"An in vitro determination of antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles gel as an intracanal medicament in combination with other medicaments against Enterococcus fecalis","volume":"22","author":"Jhamb","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"}],"container-title":["Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/JCDE.JCDE_180_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:01:33Z","timestamp":1787763693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/JCDE.JCDE_180_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jcde.jcde_180_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2950-4716","2950-4708"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2950-4716","type":"print"},{"value":"2950-4708","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-10","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-25","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}