{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T13:47:35Z","timestamp":1785764855281,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endodontic therapy primarily depends on the effective elimination of microorganisms from the complex root canal system. Irrigating solutions play a crucial role in achieving this objective. To enhance antimicrobial efficacy within the root canal system, the combined use of irrigating agents with different mechanisms of action has been proposed as an effective strategy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the study is to determine the antibacterial efficacy of combining bromelain chitosan chlorhexidine (BCC) to create a novel endodontic irrigant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Novel BCC irrigating solution was prepared at room temperature. 48 agar plates were divided into 6 groups; Sodium Hypochlorie (NaOCl), Novel bromelain chitosan chlorhexidine (BCC) irrigant, Normal saline, Chlorhexidine (CHX), Chitosan, Bromelain. Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy was done using direct contact inhibition test. Statistical analysis was performed using A one-way analysis of variance test for the direct contact inhibition test.(\u2264 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A significant difference was determined (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.05) between sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine, chitosan, bromelain, normal saline, and novel BCC irrigant. BCC irrigant did not show statistically significant difference than NaOCl and chlorhexidine for antibacterial action.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The novel BCC irrigant is effective in preparing dentinal surfaces for root canal without adverse effects and promising longevity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jcde.jcde_279_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T16:00:19Z","timestamp":1785513619000},"page":"863-867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative evaluation of a bromelain-based endodontic irrigant versus sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine gluconate, and chitosan against Enterococcus faecalis \u2013 An in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Aarti Ravishankar","family":"Lamb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheetal","family":"Ghivari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maithilee","family":"Sapkal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 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