{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:24:08Z","timestamp":1788326648072,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pulpitis is a special disease of dental pulp. It causes localized inflammation, due to various inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines. These inflammatory mediators are responsible for various reparative and resorptive processes in the dental pulp. The balance between these processes ultimately determines the viability of the tooth. Due to the important properties of various inflammatory markers, the correlation of cytokinin gene expression in various stages of inflammation becomes necessary to focus on. Several studies in the past have focused on the importance of such correlation to help in diagnostic applications. The nature of these inflammatory mediators can help us in diagnostic evaluation. Several attempts have been made to focus on these associations so that it can assist in making clinical decisions effectively. The data available are vast but are the most neglected topic. This review article briefly outlines and summarizes the importance of various inflammatory mediators such as cytokinin and chemokines in various pathways of pulpal and periapical inflammation in explanatory and diagrammatic forms. Knowledge gained about pulpal inflammatory response may aid in understanding the molecular level of inflammatory pulpal and periapical diseases, which shall modify our future diagnostic modalities. Several medicaments are used in the treatment of minimal to advanced dental caries which leads to periapical infections. Thorough understanding of these medicaments can resolve secondary infection and can improve the prognosis of the treated tooth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/jcde.jcde_289_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T00:01:48Z","timestamp":1709769708000},"page":"227-232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Mines of cytokine: A treasure trove in pulpal and periapical diseases"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Neelam D","family":"Chandwani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Unnati Devanand","family":"Gedam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjana","family":"Deshmukh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darshan M","family":"Dakshindas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Shrigiriwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of FMT, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2006.11.008","article-title":"Relationships between caries bacteria, host responses, and clinical signs and symptoms of pulpitis","volume":"33","author":"Hahn","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"R2-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3444","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.3444","article-title":"The activity of cytokines in dental pulp","volume":"24","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Gene Med"},{"key":"R3-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.128061","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of immunohistochemistry, histopathology and conventional radiography in differentiating periapical lesions","volume":"17","author":"Saraf","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R4-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.4.1162","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory cytokines","volume":"117","author":"Opal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R5-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.4103\/JCD.JCD_154_18","article-title":"Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene expression in inflammation:A molecular study","volume":"21","author":"Teja","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R6-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2019.154896","article-title":"Role(s) of cytokines in pulpitis:Latest evidence and therapeutic approaches","volume":"126","author":"Khorasani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"R7-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e518","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.16.e518","article-title":"Interleukins IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and periimplant disease. 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