{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T13:47:36Z","timestamp":1785764856412,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The long-term success of root canal treatment depends on effective elimination of microorganisms from the root canal system using chemical irrigants before obturation. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most commonly used irrigant in endodontic therapy; however, it has certain limitations, such as high surface tension that restricts penetration into lateral canals and isthmuses. Therefore, newer irrigants with improved antimicrobial properties are being explored. Recently, nanoparticles have been introduced as potential antimicrobial agents for root canal disinfection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim and Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim and objective of this study was to evaluate the postoperative pain (POP) and antibacterial effectiveness of 0.2% nanochitosan and 2% NaOCl irrigating solutions during routine endodontic procedures in young adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 40 single-rooted teeth. After rubber dam isolation, access cavity preparation and working length determination were performed. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: Group I \u2013 2% NaOCl and Group II \u2013 0.2% nanochitosan as irrigants during cleaning and shaping. Pre- and postirrigation microbial samples were collected, and bacterial load was assessed by counting colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU\/mL). POP was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both irrigants showed a significant reduction in bacterial counts. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of antibacterial effectiveness or POP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Within the limitations of this study, 0.2% nanochitosan demonstrated antibacterial effectiveness and POP outcomes comparable to 2% NaOCl, suggesting its potential as an alternative irrigant in routine endodontic procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jcde.jcde_438_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T16:00:19Z","timestamp":1785513619000},"page":"902-908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of postoperative pain and antibacterial efficacy of nanochitosan and sodium hypochlorite in endodontics: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"L. Krishna","family":"Prasad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, KVG Dental College and Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safiya","family":"Nikhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, KVG Dental College and Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e69","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0069","article-title":"Etiologic role of root canal infection in apical periodontitis and its relationship with clinical symptomatology","volume":"32","author":"Gomes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz Oral 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