{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:40:14Z","timestamp":1790779214721,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n \n The success of endodontic therapy depends on thorough biomechanical preparation and the use of effective intracanal irrigants to achieve a microbe-free canal before obturation.\n Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n is the most commonly isolated fungus from infected root canals and has a strong dentin affinity. Owing to its resistance to several intracanal medicaments, including calcium hydroxide, alternative antifungal agents are required. Bovine milk, which contains caprylic acid \u2013 a medium-chain fatty acid with known antimicrobial properties, may provide a natural and biocompatible adjunct for root canal disinfection.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim:<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate the fungicidal effect of bovine milk containing caprylic acid using three different milk sources against\n C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To compare the antifungal efficacy of caprylic acid in goat, cow, and buffalo milk using the disc-diffusion method.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Different bovine milks were tested for antifungal activity against C. albicans by the standard disc-diffusion method. Zones of inhibition were measured in millimetres.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Analysis:<\/jats:title>\n Chi-square and paired t-tests were applied.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Goat milk produced the widest inhibition zone, followed by buffalo and cow milk, demonstrating significant differences (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Caprylic acid, derived from bovine milk, can serve as a natural, biocompatible alternative to existing intracanal irrigants to control fungal infections during endodontic therapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jcde.jcde_820_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T10:00:20Z","timestamp":1770026420000},"page":"161-165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fungicidal efficacy of caprylic acid using three different bovine milk types against Candida albicans: An in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Anuja","family":"Pawar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, DY Patil Dental School, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran","family":"Keswani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, DY Patil Dental School, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, DY Patil Dental School, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinod","family":"Kambli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, DY Patil Dental School, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, DY Patil Dental School, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megha","family":"Kachari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, DY Patil Dental School, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260202","first-page":"321","article-title":"Bacteriologic evaluation of the efficacy of mechanical root canal instrumentation in endodontic therapy","volume":"89","author":"Bystr\u00f6m","year":"1981","journal-title":"Scand J Dent Res"},{"key":"R2-20260202","first-page":"613","article-title":"Clinical aspects related to Candida albicans in root canal infections","volume":"37","author":"Waltimo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"R4-20260202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.564","article-title":"Plant products as antimicrobial agents","volume":"12","author":"Cowan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"R5-20260202","first-page":"95","article-title":"Medium-chain fatty acids as antimicrobial agents:Mechanism and applications","volume":"96","author":"Nakatsuji","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"R6-20260202","first-page":"345","article-title":"Caprylic acid in milk:A biocompatible antimicrobial agent in endodontics","volume":"47","author":"Bhat","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"R7-20260202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(97)90298-5","article-title":"Growth patterns of Candida albicans in relation to radicular dentin","volume":"84","author":"Sen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R8-20260202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2014.204","article-title":"Irrigation in endodontics","volume":"216","author":"Haapasalo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"R9-20260202","first-page":"675","article-title":"Effect of medium-chain fatty acids on fungal cell membranes:An ultrastructural study","volume":"183","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"R10-20260202","first-page":"121","article-title":"Penetration ability of fatty-acid-based irrigants into dentinal tubules","volume":"99","author":"Vivekananda","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"R11-20260202","first-page":"335","article-title":"Cytotoxicity assessment of milk-derived fatty acids on human fibroblasts","volume":"24","author":"Reddy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R12-20260202","first-page":"95","article-title":"Antifungal activity of herbal fatty-acid formulations against Candida albicans biofilms","volume":"26","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R13-20260202","first-page":"335","article-title":"Cytotoxicity assessment of milk-derived fatty acids on human fibroblasts","volume":"24","author":"Reddy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R14-20260202","first-page":"189","article-title":"Synergistic effects of caprylic acid and sodium hypochlorite on endodontic microorganisms","volume":"27","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R15-20260202","first-page":"142","article-title":"Caprylic acid as a supplementary endodontic irrigant:A review of recent advances","volume":"28","author":"Deshpande","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R16-20260202","first-page":"780","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of cytotoxicity of natural and synthetic irrigants:An in vitro analysis","volume":"54","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"R17-20260202","first-page":"112","article-title":"Biofilm disruption potential of medium-chain fatty acids in root canal infections","volume":"17","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/JCDE.JCDE_820_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T19:29:03Z","timestamp":1786735743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/JCDE.JCDE_820_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jcde.jcde_820_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2950-4716","2950-4708"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2950-4716","type":"print"},{"value":"2950-4708","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-02","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-05","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}