{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:30:28Z","timestamp":1786739428737,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone extracted from\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Artemisia annua<\/jats:italic>\n                      that is best known for its potent antimalarial activity. Recent evidence highlights its additional antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. These features are particularly relevant in endodontics, where safer and more biocompatible alternatives to conventional irrigants are needed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To evaluate the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of artemisinin against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and Candida albicans and characterize its molecular design using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The antimicrobial activity was determined using the ditch plate method and the antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the total antioxidant assay with optical density measured at 695 nm, while FTIR spectroscopy analysis revealed the functional groups present in artemisinin extract.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Artemisinin exhibited significant inhibitory activity, against both the test microrganisms. The antioxidant analysis revealed a concentration-dependent increase in activity, with the highest effect at 10 mg\/mL (2.08 mm\/L). FTIR spectra showed multiple absorption bands corresponding to hydroxyl, phenolic, and aliphatic groups, indicating complex molecular characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Artemisinin demonstrates dual antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, suggesting its potential as a safer, biologically compatible endodontic irrigant. To validate the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      findings, further research for defining its efficacy, optimum concentration, and safety parameters are required under\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      as well as clinical conditions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jcde.jcde_896_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T10:00:14Z","timestamp":1770026414000},"page":"150-154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Artemisinin as a novel endodontic irrigant: In vitro assessment of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and Fourier transform infrared-based structural characterization"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Nainy","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Science, Mangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darshana","family":"Devadiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Science, Mangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul D.","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manikandan","family":"Ravinanthanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Restorative Dental Sciences, Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameep S.","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid Ana","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Science, Mangalore, Karnataka, 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