{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:01:58Z","timestamp":1787169718296,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atrial tachyarrhythmias are the main cause of atrial thrombosis, and are usually in the left appendage. The prevalence and causes of endocavitarian thrombosis have not been investigated in recent large-scale studies. Aim of our work was to describe the epidemiology, the clinical characteristics and predisposing factors of \u201cextra-appendicular\u201d atrial thrombosis and to report a systematic review of recent literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>5,862 consecutive adult patients referred to a transesophageal echocardiographic exam, were enrolled. A total of 175 subjects with Atrial Thrombosis were found with a prevalence of 2.98%; among those 22 was found in left (0.38%) and 2 in the right (0.03%) atrium. Among the 22 patients with left atrial thrombosis, 8 were associated with prosthetic valves, 4 with mitral stenosis and the remaining with hypercoagulative conditions (cancer, septic shock, eosinophilic pneumonia, cardiogenic shock and warfarin under-dosage in permanent atrial fibrillation and decompensated heart failure). Cancer was associated in one of the two patients with a right atrial clot. The review of the literature from 2000 to December 2019 revealed conflicting results of 48 case reports of atrial cavity thrombosis; pooling this data proved the rarity of extra-appendage thrombosis and confirmed its association with a valvular heart disease or a systemic hypercoagulable state.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atrial \u201cextra-appendage\u201d thrombosis is a rare condition usually associated to \u201cvalvular\u201d atrial fibrillation (such as prosthetic valves and mitral stenosis). A minority, but significant, cases are secondary to a thrombophilic conditions. In absence of valvular heart disease an underlying condition should be sought.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jcecho.jcecho_47_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,12]],"date-time":"2023-08-12T15:33:33Z","timestamp":1691854413000},"page":"61-68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Frequency and Clinical Significance of Atrial Cavities in situ Thrombosis: A Large-Scale Study and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Cresti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiological, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Baratta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiological, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elio","family":"Aloia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiological, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco De","family":"Sensi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiological, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Solari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiological, S. 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