{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:19:20Z","timestamp":1787771960542,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) might be associated with cardiac injury as a part of multisystem affection in response to cytokine storms. However, left ventricular (LV) function appears preserved in most of the cases, whereas subtle LV dysfunction might happen in others. Hence, we tried to detect subtle LV dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 using global longitudinal strain (GLS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a single-center observational study on 90 stable patients who were recently recovered from mild to moderate COVID-19 infections. A transthoracic echocardiographic examination was done for all patients, and GLS assessment was used as an indicator of LV function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The population age ranged from 27 to 66 years, and the majority of patients were males (54, 73.3%). Besides, 46.7% of the included patients were smokers, 33.3% had hypertension, and 23.3% were diabetics. All the patients had normal LV internal dimensions and ejection fractions. However, 33.3% of them had subclinical LV dysfunction as expressed by reduced GLS. There was no statistically significant correlation between GLS and age, gender, or other risk factors, whereas troponin and C-reactive protein significantly correlated with GLS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recovered patients from recent mild to moderate COVID-19 infections might show subtle LV dysfunction as manifested by reduced GLS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jcecho.jcecho_6_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T01:00:14Z","timestamp":1708736414000},"page":"183-188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Can Global Longitudinal Strain Assess Asymptomatic Subtle Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Recovered COVID-19 Patients?"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Hazem","family":"Mansour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aly Osama","family":"Abdelhady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walaa Adel Abdel","family":"Reheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viola","family":"William","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.106054","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2):A global pandemic and treatment strategies","volume":"56","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"R2-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10122535","article-title":"The right ventricle in COVID-19","volume":"10","author":"Bonnemain","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"R3-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.15199","article-title":"Left ventricular global longitudinal strain in COVID-19 recovered patients","volume":"38","author":"Mahajan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"R4-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.003","article-title":"Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults:An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"28","author":"Lang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"R5-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092402","article-title":"The agreement of a Two-and a three-dimensional speckle-tracking global longitudinal strain","volume":"11","author":"Pl\u00e1\u0161ek","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"R6-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab298","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19:A consensus paper from the ESC working group on coronary pathophysiology and microcirculation, esc working group on thrombosis and the association for acute cardiovascular care (ACVC), in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)","volume":"117","author":"Cenko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"R7-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.317015","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2:SARS-CoV-2 receptor and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system:Celebrating the 20th anniversary of the discovery of ACE2","volume":"126","author":"Gheblawi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"R8-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5471","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), SARS-CoV-2 and the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"251","author":"Bourgonje","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"R9-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.307708","article-title":"Role of the ACE2\/Angiotensin 1-7 Axis of the Renin-angiotensin system in heart failure","volume":"118","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"R10-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-021-00303-6","article-title":"Understanding the role of ACE-2 receptor in pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease:A potential approach for therapeutic intervention","volume":"73","author":"Shirbhate","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"R11-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2021.04.010","article-title":"ACE2 Down-regulation May act as a transient molecular disease causing RAAS dysregulation and tissue damage in the microcirculatory environment among COVID-19 Patients","volume":"191","author":"Ramos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"R12-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2020.05.101","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection and cardiovascular disease:COVID-19 Heart","volume":"29","author":"Dhakal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"R13-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2026131","article-title":"Cytokine storm","volume":"383","author":"Fajgenbaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R14-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13320","article-title":"Monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils:An update on lifespan kinetics in health and disease","volume":"163","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"R15-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394309-5.00006-7","article-title":"Cell biology of ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"298","author":"Kalogeris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Rev Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"R16-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11920","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111920","article-title":"The role of endothelium in COVID-19","volume":"22","author":"Ionescu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R17-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110015","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19):Gender and age influences","volume":"144","author":"Froldi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"R18-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12020549","article-title":"A review of the role of imaging modalities in the evaluation of viral myocarditis with a special focus on COVID-19-related myocarditis","volume":"12","author":"Adeboye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"R19-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s12574-021-00555-4","article-title":"Cardiac involvement in patients recovered from COVID-19 identified using left ventricular longitudinal strain","volume":"20","author":"Caiado","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Echocardiogr"},{"key":"R20-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-00595-z","article-title":"Widespread myocardial dysfunction in COVID-19 patients detected by myocardial strain imaging using 2-D speckle-tracking echocardiography","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"R21-20240904","first-page":"e23986","article-title":"Left ventricular global longitudinal strain in patients with COVID-19 infection","volume":"14","author":"Bhatti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R22-20240904","first-page":"100719","article-title":"Left ventricular global longitudinal strain in identifying subclinical myocardial dysfunction among patients hospitalized with COVID-19","volume":"32","author":"Shmueli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc"},{"key":"R23-20240904","first-page":"100770","article-title":"Subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in COVID-19","volume":"34","author":"Bhatia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Echography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jcecho.jcecho_6_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:22:20Z","timestamp":1787768540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jcecho.jcecho_6_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jcecho.jcecho_6_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-4122","2347-193X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-4122","type":"print"},{"value":"2347-193X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-13","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-10","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}