{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T17:28:48Z","timestamp":1786728528723,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim of Study:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review aims to highlight that bosutinib represents a valuable alternative for patients already treated unsuccessfully with one or more other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with a specific genetic abnormality resulting in a fusion protein with an active tyrosine kinase region. Therefore, TKIs were developed as a suitable treatment option.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Full-text articles, abstracts, and meta-analysis comparing the efficacy and safety of the five TKIs were included in the review. Efficacy of these enhanced therapies is estimated on the basis of achievement of a complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) and this outcome is an important goal as a surrogate marker for improved survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bosutinib's efficacy is comparable to that of imatinib in the first-line setting and with dasatinib and nilotinib as second-line therapy, while its safety profile is distinctly different. Most therapeutic guidelines for CML recommend an initiation of therapy with imatinib and application of dasatinib and nilotinib as subsequent lines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bosutinib is generally not recommended despite its demonstrated efficacy and manageable toxicity. However, resistance, intolerance, specific mutations, as well as disease progression are often the reasons for the lack of sufficient response to therapy registered by the lower rates or complete absence of CCyR. Treatment options are limited for these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.jcrt_604_16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,6]],"date-time":"2018-04-06T07:55:13Z","timestamp":1523001313000},"page":"909-915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bosutinib: Valuable therapeutic option for the Bulgarian market"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Katya Hristova","family":"Uzunova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Department, Tchaikapharma High Quality Medicines, Inc., Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena Pavlova","family":"Filipova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Department, Tchaikapharma High Quality Medicines, Inc., Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toni Yonkov","family":"Vekov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University \u2013 Pleven, Pleven, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2012.12.005","article-title":"The achievement of a 3-month complete cytogenetic response to second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors predicts survival in patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia after imatinib failure","volume":"13","author":"Jabbour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"R2-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-05-501569","article-title":"European leukemiaNet recommendations for the management of chronic myeloid leukemia: 2013","volume":"122","author":"Baccarani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R3-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-015-2322-2","article-title":"A review of the European leukemiaNet recommendations for the management of CML","volume":"94","author":"Baccarani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"R4-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2013-0294","article-title":"The European medicines agency review of bosutinib for the treatment of adult patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia: Summary of the scientific assessment of the committee for medicinal products for human use","volume":"19","author":"Hanaizi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"R5-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2011.06.009","article-title":"The clinical significance of achieving different levels of cytogenetic response in patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia after failure to front-line therapy: Is complete cytogenetic response the only desirable endpoint","volume":"11","author":"Cortes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"R6-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3486","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.7522","article-title":"Bosutinib versus imatinib in newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia: Results from the BELA trial","volume":"30","author":"Cortes","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R7-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13108","article-title":"Bosutinib versus imatinib in newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukaemia: Results from the 24-month follow-up of the BELA trial","volume":"168","author":"Br\u00fcmmendorf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"R8-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4567","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-05-355594","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of bosutinib (SKI-606) in chronic phase Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia patients with resistance or intolerance to imatinib","volume":"118","author":"Cortes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R9-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23728","article-title":"Bosutinib efficacy and safety in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia after imatinib resistance or intolerance: Minimum 24-month follow-up","volume":"89","author":"Gambacorti-Passerini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"R10-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.5581\/1516-8484.20120094","article-title":"Chronic myeloid leukemia treatment guidelines: Brazilian Association of Hematology, Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy. 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