{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T20:25:15Z","timestamp":1789244715719,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a rare spinal emergency. Paradoxically, in the British NHS, suspected CES requiring an emergency magnetic resonance imaging constitutes one of the commonest reasons for acute referrals to neurosurgery\/spine surgery. Further acute referrals also occur with the reverse scenario, when radiological evidence of cauda equina compression is not accompanied by the clinical red flags of the syndrome. The understanding of CES, particularly in cases with radiological compression but lacking clinical symptoms, remains limited. This study aims to explore the incidence and the long-term outcomes of such patients, addressing a significant knowledge gap.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single-center, retrospective and cohort study was conducted, analyzing suspected CES referrals managed between August 2013 and November 2014. Patients with radiological cauda equina compression but without clinical CES features were identified. A structured questionnaire assessed long-term patient reported outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 344 suspected CES referrals, 38 patients (11%) had radiological CES of degenerative cause without clinical symptoms. From those with radiological cauda equina compression but no features of CES, 14 were assessed for long-term results and the majority still underwent surgery (64%), either emergent (35.7%) or elective (28.6%). The long-term patient reported outcomes of the operated patients revealed that 66.7% were fully ambulant, 77.8% maintained an intact sexual function, and 88.9% were free of urinary symptoms. However, no matter the management, chronic pain persisted in 85.7%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights the existence of patients who are referred urgently with radiological cauda equina compression but who lack clinical CES symptoms. Despite surgical interventions, chronic pain remains a significant issue. Further research, including multi-centered studies, is warranted to enhance our understanding of this condition and its nuanced subpopulations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jcvjs.jcvjs_132_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T05:00:09Z","timestamp":1736917209000},"page":"482-491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incidence and long-term patient reported outcome measures of patients with radiological cauda equina compression but without clinical features of cauda equina syndrome"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hamzah Alsheikh","family":"Soleiman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Spinal Surgery Outcome Studies Group, Scotland, UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK"},{"name":"Spinal Surgery Unit, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Solou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Spinal Surgery Outcome Studies Group, Scotland, UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas K.","family":"Demetriades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Spinal Surgery Outcome Studies Group, Scotland, UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200808000-00006","article-title":"Cauda equina syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Spector","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"R2-20250115","first-page":"100","article-title":"Imaging in cauda equina syndrome \u2013 a pictorial review","volume":"82","author":"McNamee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ulster Med J"},{"key":"R3-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1668-3","article-title":"Cauda equina syndrome: A review of the current clinical and medico-legal position","volume":"20","author":"Gardner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"R4-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2010.483985","article-title":"Clinical classification of cauda equina syndrome for proper treatment","volume":"81","author":"Shi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"R5-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163010-00007","article-title":"Arterial vascularization of the cauda equina","volume":"63","author":"Parke","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R6-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200002010-00015","article-title":"Medical realities of cauda equina syndrome secondary to lumbar disc herniation","volume":"25","author":"Shapiro","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R7-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668030-00011","article-title":"Cauda equina syndrome and lumbar disc herniation","volume":"68","author":"Kostuik","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R8-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b936","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b936","article-title":"Cauda equina syndrome","volume":"338","author":"Lavy","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R9-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-007-0491-y","article-title":"Cauda equina syndrome treated by surgical decompression: The influence of timing on surgical outcome","volume":"16","author":"Qureshi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"R10-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-019-03973-7","article-title":"An assessment of patient-reported long-term outcomes following surgery for cauda equina syndrome","volume":"161","author":"Hazelwood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"R11-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0255530","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255530","article-title":"Long-term mental wellbeing and functioning after surgery for cauda equina syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Hazelwood","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R12-20250115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.12.SPINE19839","article-title":"What is the incidence of cauda equina syndrome? 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