{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:31:58Z","timestamp":1787841118845,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Favorable clinical outcomes have been reported for cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA), particularly in preserving motion and reducing adjacent segment disease compared with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. However, evidence on the uptake of CDA in clinical practice remains limited. This study aimed to analyze Australian population trends in CDA over the past 6 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 6-year incidence of CDA in adult patients from 2019 to 2024 was analyzed using the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) database. Data were stratified by sex and year, with population adjustments to account for demographic changes over the study period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 4216 CDA procedures were performed in Australia under the MBS over the 6-year period. The annual mean case volume was 702.7 cases. Procedure volumes remained relatively stable from 2019 to 2021, with a reduction in case numbers thereafter. The highest concentration of procedures occurred in the 35\u201354 (62.28%) age group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). The distribution across sex was similar, with 2147 cases (50.93%) in males and 2069 cases (49.07%) in females.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although there is growing evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of CDA, its utilization in Australia has remained stable over the past 6 years, with the highest uptake among young to middle-aged patients. Further analysis of utilization trends may help identify factors influencing adoption and guide future surgical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jcvjs.jcvjs_138_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T12:01:50Z","timestamp":1758196910000},"page":"356-359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cervical disc arthroplasty in Australia: An epidemiological study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Dowsett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam R.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zac","family":"Dragan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopha J.","family":"Knee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brahman S.","family":"Sivakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Surgery, Sydney Medical School, the Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Hand and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hornsby Ku-ring-gai Hospital, Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan J.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Symes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.12.099","article-title":"Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion versus cervical disc arthroplasty:A comparison of national trends and outcomes","volume":"160","author":"Ostrov","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"R2-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-022-07465-8","article-title":"Trends in use, outcomes, and revision procedures of anterior cervical disc replacement in the United States:A premiere database analysis from 2006-2019","volume":"32","author":"Oezel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"R3-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E342","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004560","article-title":"Cervical disc arthroplasty usage has leveled out from 2010 to 2021","volume":"48","author":"Ratnasamy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R4-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.10.072","article-title":"Trends in resource utilization and rate of cervical disc arthroplasty and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion throughout the United States from 2006 to 2013","volume":"18","author":"Saifi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"R5-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.02.016","article-title":"Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion versus cervical disc arthroplasty:An epidemiological review of 433,660 surgical patients from 2011 to 2021","volume":"24","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"R6-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.21037\/jss.2018.09.04","article-title":"Trends in cervical disc arthroplasty and revisions in the Medicare database","volume":"4","author":"Niedzielak","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Spine Surg"},{"key":"R7-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000044","article-title":"Comparison between cervical total disc replacement and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion of 1 to 2 levels from 2002 to 2009","volume":"39","author":"Nandyala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R8-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.10.011","article-title":"Primary and revision cervical disc arthroplasty from 2010-2020:Patient demographics, utilization trends, and health care reimbursements","volume":"168","author":"Gordon","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"R9-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000113","article-title":"Utilization trends of cervical artificial disc replacement after FDA approval compared with anterior cervical fusion:Adoption of new technology","volume":"39","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R10-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.12.129","article-title":"Assessing the effects of publication bias on reported outcomes of cervical disc replacement and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion:A meta-epidemiologic study","volume":"137","author":"Kurian","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"R11-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.05.055","article-title":"Predicting trends in cervical spinal surgery in the United States from 2020 to 2040","volume":"141","author":"Neifert","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"R13-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.21037\/jss-22-46","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 on spinal cord injuries and trauma at a tertiary referral centre in Sydney","volume":"8","author":"Probert","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Spine Surg"},{"key":"R14-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.16375","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19-related social restrictions on orthopaedic trauma in a level 1 trauma centre in Sydney:The first wave","volume":"91","author":"Probert","year":"2021","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"R15-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.5.SPINE23452","article-title":"Trends in costs, reimbursements, and surgeon payments for cervical disc arthroplasty cost of care from 2009 to 2019","volume":"39","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"R16-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.10.SPINE19919","article-title":"Cervical disc replacement:Examining \u201creal-world\u201cutilization of an emerging technology","volume":"32","author":"Witiw","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"R17-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.17818","article-title":"Temporal trends in the management of metacarpal and phalangeal fractures in the 21st century:An analysis of Australian population-based data","volume":"92","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jcvjs.jcvjs_138_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:43:22Z","timestamp":1787838202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jcvjs.jcvjs_138_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jcvjs.jcvjs_138_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0974-8237","0976-9285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0974-8237","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-9285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-01","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-12","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}