{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T19:51:26Z","timestamp":1786737086128,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Craniovert Jun Spine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/jcvjs.jcvjs_158_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T05:49:02Z","timestamp":1606715342000},"page":"269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effects of different severities of disc degeneration on the range of motion of cervical spine"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Narayan","family":"Yoganandan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuvaraj","family":"Purushothaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davidson","family":"Jebaseelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Baisden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shekar","family":"Kurpad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-1","unstructured":"Clark CR. The Cervical Spine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven; 1998."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199904010-00002","article-title":"The ligaments and annulus fibrosus of human adult cervical intervertebral discs","author":"Mercer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-004-0309-0","article-title":"Morphological cervical disc analysis applied to traumatic and degenerative lesions","author":"Tonetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(75)90075-5","article-title":"The elastic and ultimate properties of compact bone tissue","author":"Reilly","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(74)90018-9","article-title":"The elastic modulus for bone","author":"Reilly","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(98)00057-8","article-title":"Yield strain behavior of trabecular bone","author":"Kopperdahl","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"061005","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4032966","article-title":"A female ligamentous cervical spine finite element model validated for physiological loads","author":"\u00d6sth","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.11.036","article-title":"C4-C5 segment finite element model development, validation, and load-sharing investigation","author":"Panzer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3109\/03008208909103905","article-title":"Hierarchical structure of the intervertebral disc","author":"Cassidy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Connect Tissue Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-004-0053-8","article-title":"Single lamellar mechanics of the human lumbar annulus fibrosus","author":"Holzapfel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomech Model Mechanobiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(98)00046-3","article-title":"Degeneration affects the anisotropic and nonlinear behaviors of human annulus fibrosus in compression","author":"Iatridis","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-12","first-page":"1174","article-title":"Is the nucleus pulposus a solid or a fluid.Mechanical behaviors of the nucleus pulposus of the human intervertebral disc?","author":"Iatridis","year":"1976","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2013.04.005","article-title":"Strain rate dependent properties of human craniovertebral ligaments","author":"Mattucci","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1322034","article-title":"Geometric and mechanical properties of human cervical spine ligaments","author":"Yoganandan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00010-9","article-title":"Contribution of disc degeneration to osteophyte formation in the cervical spine: A biomechanical investigation","author":"Kumaresan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-16","first-page":"1307","article-title":"Aging and degeneration of the human intervertebral disc","author":"Buckwalter","year":"1976","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-17","unstructured":"Ghosh P. Biology of the Intervertebral Disc. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1988."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-18","first-page":"E544","article-title":"Neck\/shoulder exercise for neck pain in air force helicopter pilots: A randomized controlled trial","author":"Ang","year":"1976","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-19","first-page":"331","article-title":"Effect of disc degeneration at one level on the adjacent level in axial mode","author":"Kim","year":"1976","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196345060-00004","article-title":"Degenerative disc disease of the cervical spine","author":"Friedenberg","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.10.019","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of intervertebral disc degeneration over the entire spine in a population-based cohort: The Wakayama Spine Study","author":"Teraguchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217719436","article-title":"Patterns of cervical disc degeneration: Analysis of magnetic resonance imaging of over 1000 symptomatic subjects","author":"Suzuki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-23","first-page":"69","article-title":"The pathogenesis of cervical spondylosis","author":"Lestini","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-24","first-page":"609","article-title":"Compression of the sympathetic trunk by osteophytes of the vertebral column in the abdomen: An anatomical study with pathological and clinical considerations","author":"Nathan","year":"1968","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-25","first-page":"S7","article-title":"Cervical spondylosis anatomy: Pathophysiology and biomechanics","author":"Shedid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-26","first-page":"E396","article-title":"Relationship between T1 slope and cervical alignment following multilevel posterior cervical fusion surgery: Impact of T1 slope minus cervical lordosis","author":"Hyun","year":"1976","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200705000-00020","article-title":"Level-dependent coronal and axial moment-rotation corridors of degeneration-free cervical spines in lateral flexion","author":"Yoganandan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-28","first-page":"490","article-title":"Normative segment-specific axial and coronal angulation corridors of subaxial cervical column in axial rotation","author":"Yoganandan","year":"1976","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199904000-00009","article-title":"Radiculopathy and myelopathy at segments adjacent to the site of a previous anterior cervical arthrodesis","author":"Hilibrand","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-30","first-page":"2788","article-title":"Does anterior plating of the cervical spine predispose to adjacent segment changes?","author":"Rao","year":"1976","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-31","first-page":"512","article-title":"Segmental motion adjacent to anterior cervical arthrodesis: A prospective study.Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","author":"Kolstad","year":"2007","journal-title":""},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-009-0217-5","article-title":"Long term outcome and adjacent disc degeneration after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with titanium cylindrical cages","author":"Sugawara","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61007","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4023524","article-title":"Subject-specific inverse dynamics of the head and cervical spine during in vivo dynamic flexion-extension","author":"Anderst","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100060514","article-title":"Analysis and measurement of neck loads","author":"Moroney","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-35","first-page":"33","article-title":"Characterizing occipital condyle loads under high-speed head rotation","author":"Pintar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stapp Car Crash J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-36","first-page":"133","article-title":"Lower cervical spine loading in frontal sled tests using inverse dynamics: Potential applications for lower neck injury criteria","author":"Pintar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stapp Car Crash J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.09.016","article-title":"Kinetics of the cervical spine in pediatric and adult volunteers during low speed frontal impacts","author":"Seacrist","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580802524876","article-title":"Neck forces and moments and head accelerations in side impact","author":"Yoganandan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Traffic Inj Prev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-39","first-page":"189","article-title":"Biomechanics of human occupants in simulated rear crashes: Documentation of neck injuries and comparison of injury criteria","author":"Yoganandan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stapp Car Crash J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.11.014","article-title":"Experimental flexion\/extension data corridors for validation of finite element models of the young, normal cervical spine","author":"Wheeldon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200706000-00026","article-title":"Degenerative cervical spondylosis: Clinical syndromes, pathogenesis, and management","author":"Rao","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-42","first-page":"916987","article-title":"Degenerative cervical spondylosis: Natural history, pathogenesis, and current management strategies","author":"Butler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Orthop"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-43","unstructured":"John JD, Arun MW, Yoganandan N, Saravana Kumar G, Kurpad SN. Mapping Block-Based Morphing for Subject-Specific Spine Finite Element Models,\u201d 54th Annual Rocky Mountain Bioengineering Symposium. USA: RMBS Publishers; 2017. p. 193-9."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-8237.301625-44","unstructured":"John JD, Arun MW, Saravana Kumar G, Yoganandan N. Cervical Spine Finite Element Model with Anatomically Accurate Asymmetric Intervertebral Discs. Summer Biomechanics, Bioengineering, and Biotransport Conference, ASME Tuscon, AZ; 2017. p. 153-4."}],"container-title":["Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T18:49:59Z","timestamp":1786733399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jcvjs.JCVJS_158_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"alternative-id":["301625"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jcvjs.jcvjs_158_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0974-8237"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0974-8237","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}