{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:35:54Z","timestamp":1787564154652,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spinal tuberculosis (STB) is a major cause of spinal deformity, instability, and neurological deficits. While antitubercular therapy (ATT) is the primary treatment, surgery is indicated in advanced disease or complications. This study evaluates surgical management and outcomes in cervical, thoracic, and thoracolumbar STB at a single Indian center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective review of 84 patients (cervical 17, thoracic 37, thoracolumbar 14, and lumbar 16) who underwent surgery from 2015 to 2023. Data included demographics, clinical presentation, neurological status (American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA] scale), pain (Visual Analogue Scale [VAS]), surgical approach, fusion technique, complications, and postoperative outcomes. Surgical strategy was individualized based on lesion location, vertebral involvement, and deformity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mean age ranged from 36.5 (cervical) to 49.3 (lumbar) years; males predominated. Pain (90%), fever (80%), and fatigue (66%) were common; neurological deficits occurred in 51%. Anterior approaches were used in cervical (76%) and thoracic (59%) cases, posterior in thoracolumbar (86%) and lumbar (100%), with combined anterior\u2013posterior in 4%. Operative time and blood loss were lowest for cervical (96 \u00b1 15 min; 70 \u00b1 23 mL) and highest for thoracolumbar cases (156 \u00b1 40 min; 264 \u00b1 81 mL). Postoperatively, most patients improved neurologically (ASIA D\/E), with significant pain reduction (VAS 7.1\u20137.6 \u2192 2.2\u20132.9) and functional recovery (ODI 49\u201363 \u2192 19\u201327). Complications were infrequent and manageable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tailored surgical intervention for STB, guided by anatomical site and disease severity, achieves excellent neurological, functional, and radiological outcomes. Early, appropriately planned surgery remains essential for patients with progressive deficits, instability, or inadequate response to ATT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jcvjs.jcvjs_186_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T15:01:40Z","timestamp":1768489300000},"page":"63-70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Determinants of surgical outcome in spinal tuberculosis: A retrospective analysis of 84 patients"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jignesh","family":"Joshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Topiwala National Medical College, B. Y. L. Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Banumathy","family":"Srikant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, IITB Hospital, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srikant","family":"Balasubramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Topiwala National Medical College, B. Y. L. Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trimurti","family":"Nadkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Seth GS Medical College, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R1-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.02.107","article-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2020 \u2013 Reflections on the global TB burden, treatment and prevention efforts","volume":"113","author":"Chakaya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R2-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e318065b75e","article-title":"Tuberculosis of the spine: A historical review","volume":"460","author":"Tuli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Orthop 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Rep"}],"container-title":["Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and 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