{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:22:18Z","timestamp":1787840538625,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sarcopenia is an established risk factor for poor outcomes in the general surgery literature; however, this has been less explored in spine surgery. No studies have quantified cervical paraspinal sarcopenia on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the influence on postoperative patient improvement as measured through PROMIS scores. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of cervical sarcopenia on PROMIS score improvement following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients over 18 years of age who underwent ACDF at a single, tertiary academic institution between 2012 and 2018 were included in the study. Multifidus fatty infiltration (FI) and cross-sectional area (CSA) were quantified on preoperative MRI measurements. PROMIS-physical function (PF) and pain interference (PI) scores were collected at baseline and 1-year postoperatively and compared with a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of 4.5 for PF and 4.9 for PI. Bivariate and multivariate analyses compared FI and CSA in patients who met versus failed to meet the MCID for PF and PI components.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventy-eight patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 54.8, and 29 were female. MCID was achieved in 46 patients for PROMIS-PF and 42 for PROMIS-PI. Greater multifidus FI demonstrated a significant association with increased likelihood of meeting PF MCID on bivariate (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.043) and multivariate (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.033). Multifidus CSA was not associated with meeting the MCID for PF or PI. No correlation was found between multifidus CSA and FI (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.0797).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher multifidus FI was independently associated with meeting MCID for PROMIS-PF scores 1 year following ACDF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jcvjs.jcvjs_212_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T13:00:13Z","timestamp":1773838813000},"page":"133-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cervical paraspinal sarcopenia affects ability to achieve PROMIS minimal clinically important difference in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Manasa S.","family":"Pagadala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob R.","family":"Staub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler M.","family":"Compton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harsha","family":"Kaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shravan","family":"Asthana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Valdez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Oris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason D.","family":"Tegethoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Carney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore A.","family":"Joaquin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wellington K.","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alpesh A.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srikanth N.","family":"Divi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/50A.Special_Issue.5","article-title":"What is sarcopenia?","volume":"50","author":"Evans","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med 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meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Yeung","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"R6-20260319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-017-1564-0","article-title":"Sarcopenia is an independent predictor of complications after colorectal cancer surgery","volume":"48","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"R7-20260319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-3999-2","article-title":"Radiologically determined sarcopenia predicts morbidity and mortality following abdominal surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"R8-20260319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000759","article-title":"The impact of frailty and sarcopenia on patient outcomes after complex spine 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cervical fusion for myelopathy","volume":"36","author":"Pinter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"key":"R12-20260319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.08.012","article-title":"Sarcopenia, but not frailty, predicts early mortality and adverse events after emergent surgery for metastatic disease of the spine","volume":"20","author":"Bourassa-Moreau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"R13-20260319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001621","article-title":"Cervical paraspinal muscle fatty degeneration is not associated with muscle cross-sectional area: Qualitative assessment is preferable for cervical sarcopenia","volume":"479","author":"Pinter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R14-20260319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI-07\/11\/542","article-title":"A preliminary biomechanical evaluation in a simulated spinal fusion model. Laboratory investigation","volume":"7","author":"Ferrara","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"R15-20260319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004650","article-title":"Paraspinal sarcopenia is associated with worse patient-reported outcomes following laminoplasty for degenerative cervical myelopathy","volume":"48","author":"Pinter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R16-20260319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E342","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000657","article-title":"The impact of sarcopenia on cervical spine sagittal alignment after cervical laminoplasty","volume":"31","author":"Koshimizu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"key":"R17-20260319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-014-9408-6","article-title":"Anterior surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Review article","volume":"11","author":"Quinn","year":"2015","journal-title":"HSS J"},{"key":"R18-20260319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1069","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002644","article-title":"Stiffness Matters: Part II-The Effects of Plate Stiffness on Load-Sharing and the Progression of Fusion Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion In Vivo","volume":"43","author":"Peterson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)."},{"key":"R19-20260319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842382","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.842382","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of intervertebral fusion process after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: A finite element study","volume":"10","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"R20-20260319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198805000-00001","article-title":"The vertical stability of the cervical spine","volume":"13","author":"Pal","year":"1988","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R21-20260319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1159","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20160811-02","article-title":"Effect of sarcopenia on postoperative morbidity and mortality after thoracolumbar spine surgery","volume":"39","author":"Bokshan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"R22-20260319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.09.020","article-title":"Relationship between lumbar spinal stenosis and axial muscle wasting","volume":"24","author":"Sch\u00f6nnagel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spine J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jcvjs.jcvjs_212_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:24:40Z","timestamp":1787837080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jcvjs.jcvjs_212_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jcvjs.jcvjs_212_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0974-8237","0976-9285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0974-8237","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-9285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-14","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-24","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}