{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:03:50Z","timestamp":1787169830657,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) was developed for the treatment of cervical disc disease with the potential advantages of preservation of physiological motion at a discal level, thereby potentially reducing adjacent level stresses and degeneration, which were a known complication of anterior cervical arthrodesis. The objective of this study was the assessment of long-term functional and radiological outcomes overtime in all the patients who underwent CDA from 2011 to 2019 at our institute.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-eight patients who underwent CDA (2011\u20132019) with a minimum 2-year follow-up were retrospectively evaluated. The functional outcome included the Visual Analog Score (VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI). Radiographs were assessed for range of motion (ROM) at the index surgical level, presence of heterotopic ossification (HO), and adjacent segment degeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean follow-up was 5.79 \u00b1 2.96 (2.16\u201311.75) years. Significant improvement (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) was observed in the VAS (8.91 \u00b1 2.52 [preoperative] to 0.89 \u00b1 1.27 [follow-up]) and NDI (65.5% \u00b123.06% [preoperative] to 4.79 \u00b1 3.87 [follow-up]) score. Motion at index level increased significantly from 5.53\u00b0 preoperatively to 7.47\u00b0, and 92% of the implanted segments were still mobile (referring to the threshold of ROM &gt; 3\u00b0). HOs are responsible for the fusion of 4\/50 (8%) levels at the last follow-up. Distal and proximal adjacent disc degeneration occurred in 36% and 28% of patients, respectively. No migration of the implant was observed on the radiograph.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study showed favorable clinical outcome of CDA with preservation of ROM at the index surgical level. CDA can be a promising alternative to anterior cervical arthrodesis when properly indicated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jcvjs.jcvjs_56_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T05:32:07Z","timestamp":1695015127000},"page":"268-273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Long-term functional and radiological outcomes of cervical disc arthroplasty at a tertiary level spine center in India: A retrospective cohort analysis with minimum 2 years of follow-up"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Bharat","family":"Dave","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikrant","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prarthan","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivanand","family":"Mayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devanand","family":"Degulmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi Ranjan","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirant","family":"Dave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiv Kumar","family":"Bali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranav","family":"Charde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhijith","family":"Anil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.02.019","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy in the young adult:A review of the literature and clinical diagnostic criteria in an uncommon demographic","volume":"120","author":"Amenta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"R2-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-016-2851-8","article-title":"Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in symptomatic cervical degenerative disc diseases (CDDDs):An updated meta-analysis of prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs)","volume":"5","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"R3-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2013.09.022","article-title":"Surgical complications of anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion for cervical degenerative disk disease:A single surgeon's experience of 1,576 patients","volume":"82","author":"Nanda","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"R4-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199311000-00004","article-title":"Late radiographic findings after anterior cervical fusion for spondylotic myeloradiculopathy","volume":"18","author":"Baba","year":"1993","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R5-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200211150-00003","article-title":"Biomechanical study on the effect of cervical spine fusion on adjacent-level intradiscal pressure and segmental motion","volume":"27","author":"Eck","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R6-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000180479.63092.17","article-title":"Long-term results after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with allograft and plating:A 5- to 11-year radiologic and clinical follow-up study","volume":"30","author":"Yue","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R7-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.14444\/3010","article-title":"Prospective, randomized comparison of one-level mobi-C cervical total disc replacement versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion:Results at 5-year follow-up","volume":"10","author":"Hisey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Spine Surg"},{"key":"R8-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.3.SPINE09513","article-title":"Long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of cervical disc replacement with the prestige disc:Results from a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"13","author":"Burkus","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"R9-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E371","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318060cca9","article-title":"Short-term comparison of cervical fusion with static and dynamic plating using computerized motion analysis","volume":"32","author":"Goldberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R10-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E9","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2004.17.3.9","article-title":"Early clinical and biomechanical results following cervical arthroplasty","volume":"17","author":"Duggal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"R11-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-2094-x","article-title":"Prevalence of heterotopic ossification after cervical total disc arthroplasty:A meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"R12-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-06069-z","article-title":"Clinical and radiological evaluation of cervical disc arthroplasty with 5-year follow-up:A prospective study of 384 patients","volume":"28","author":"Dufour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"R13-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2802","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000245852.70594.d5","article-title":"Heterotopic ossification in total cervical artificial disc replacement","volume":"31","author":"Mehren","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R14-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.16.4.494","article-title":"Radiological assessment of osteo-arthrosis","volume":"16","author":"Kellgren","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R15-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199309000-00005","article-title":"Robinson anterior cervical discectomy and arthrodesis for cervical radiculopathy. Long-term follow-up of one hundred and twenty-two patients","volume":"75","author":"Bohlman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R16-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E8","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.11.FOCUS16338","article-title":"Current practice of cervical disc arthroplasty:A survey among 383 AOSpine international members","volume":"42","author":"Chin-See-Chong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"R17-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.06.010","article-title":"The change of adjacent segment after cervical disc arthroplasty compared with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion:A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"17","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"R18-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001746","article-title":"Long-term clinical outcomes of cervical disc arthroplasty:A prospective, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Sasso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R19-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.100B8.BJJ-2018-0120.R1","article-title":"Total disc replacement versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion:A systematic review with meta-analysis of data from a total of 3160 patients across 14 randomized controlled trials with both short- and medium- to long-term outcomes","volume":"100-B","author":"Findlay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"R20-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.12.SPINE15824","article-title":"Five-year clinical results of cervical total disc replacement compared with anterior discectomy and fusion for treatment of 2-level symptomatic degenerative disc disease:A prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter investigational device exemption clinical trial","volume":"25","author":"Radcliff","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"R21-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000031","article-title":"Clinical outcomes with selectively constrained SECURE-C cervical disc arthroplasty:Two-year results from a prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter investigational device exemption study","volume":"38","author":"Vaccaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R22-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b8a80d","article-title":"Anterior cervical decompression and fusion accelerates adjacent segment degeneration:Comparison with asymptomatic volunteers in a ten-year magnetic resonance imaging follow-up study","volume":"35","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R23-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.12.009","article-title":"Update on the evidence for adjacent segment degeneration and disease","volume":"13","author":"Helgeson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"R24-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199904000-00009","article-title":"Radiculopathy and myelopathy at segments adjacent to the site of a previous anterior cervical arthrodesis","volume":"81","author":"Hilibrand","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R25-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35032","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035032","article-title":"The incidence of adjacent segment degeneration after cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA):A meta analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R26-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000052","article-title":"Rate of adjacent segment disease in cervical disc arthroplasty versus single-level fusion:Meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"38","author":"Verma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R27-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2019.0234","article-title":"Cervical total disc replacement and heterotopic ossification:A review of literature outcomes and biomechanics","volume":"15","author":"Hui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"key":"R28-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02840-5","article-title":"Effects of endplate coverage and intervertebral height change on heterotopic ossification following cervical disc replacement","volume":"16","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"R29-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.244","article-title":"Postoperative heterotopic ossification after cervical disc replacement is likely a reflection of the degeneration process","volume":"125","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"R30-20240904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E332","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000776","article-title":"Does heterotopic ossification affect the outcomes of cervical total disc replacement?A meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jcvjs.jcvjs_56_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:13:48Z","timestamp":1787166828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jcvjs.jcvjs_56_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jcvjs.jcvjs_56_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0974-8237","0976-9285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0974-8237","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-9285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-24","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-31","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}