{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:25:20Z","timestamp":1787775920649,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Enhancing problem-solving abilities (PSA) in children with intellectual disabilities is critical for fostering independence and adaptive skills. The initial PCTL- model integrated phenomenon-based learning (PhBL), cognitive coaching (CC), task analysis (TA), and optimal learning environments (LE) to address the unique educational needs of this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MATERIAL AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study employed a two-phase approach. In phase 1, a conceptual framework for the PCTL model was synthesized through a systematic review of existing literature and an analysis of the teaching contexts specific to children with intellectual disabilities. In phase 2, the model was evaluated by eight educational experts specializing in curriculum design, assessment, special education, and technology. Quantitative ratings were collected to assess feasibility, utility, propriety, and accuracy, with an overall mean of 4.40 (SD = 0.51), indicating high appropriateness. Qualitative feedback was analyzed to refine the model, which was subsequently expanded and became the PCTL + PSA model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The expert panel validated the PCTL model, emphasizing its comprehensive structure and practical applicability. The model after expert assessment and input was expanded to five key components for developing PSA. Moreover, PSA is identified as being involved in identifying problems, subdividing problems, analyzing and proposing solutions, evaluating methods, and assessing outcomes. Across all evaluation dimensions, the PCTL + PSA model achieved high scores, with the utility dimension rated the highest (mean = 4.69, SD = 0.49,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). The findings highlighted the importance of fostering a supportive LE\u2014physically, psychologically, socially, and informationally\u2014to maximize the model\u2019s effectiveness.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study introduces a validated and practical framework tailored to enhance problem-solving skills in children with intellectual disabilities. The final PCTL + PSA model contributes to inclusive education by addressing the unique learning needs of this population and providing actionable strategies for educators to improve classroom practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_13_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T02:33:03Z","timestamp":1746066783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Development of a problem-solving ability learning model for children with intellectual disabilities"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Thiyaporn","family":"Kantathanawat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Industrial Education and Technology (SIET), King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asamaporn","family":"Treearpornwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Charoentham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Industrial Education and Technology (SIET), King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"R3-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12438","article-title":"Digital game-based learning in a Shanghai primary-school mathematics class: A case study","volume":"36","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Learn"},{"key":"R4-20250430","first-page":"243","article-title":"Contribution of teachers in achieving the goals of basic education: A literature review on best practices and challenges","volume":"5","author":"Rita","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Educ Dyn"},{"key":"R5-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihaa044","article-title":"Early intervention for children with developmental disabilities in low and middle-income countries\u2013the case for action","volume":"13","author":"Smythe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"R6-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.5897\/ERR2021.4139","article-title":"The effect of phenomenon-based learning approach on students\u2019 metacognitive awareness","volume":"16","author":"Akkas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Educ Res Rev"},{"key":"R7-20250430","first-page":"20180021.","article-title":"Kitchen chemistry course for chemistry education students: Influences on chemistry teaching and teacher education\u2013A multiple case study","volume":"2","author":"Nuora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem Teach Int"},{"key":"R8-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.susoc.2022.05.004","article-title":"Understanding the role of digital technologies in education: A review","volume":"3","author":"Haleem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustain Oper Comput"},{"key":"R9-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5689","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-021-10849-w","article-title":"Thai undergraduate science, technology, engineering, arts, and math (STEAM) creative thinking and innovation skill development: A conceptual model using a digital virtual classroom learning environment","volume":"27","author":"Wannapiroon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Educ Inf Technol"},{"key":"R10-20250430","first-page":"14","article-title":"Predicting student-teacher self-directed learning using intrinsic and extrinsic factors: A theory of planned behavior adoption","author":"Sukkamart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"R11-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789194.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.789194","article-title":"Enabling self-directed academic and personal well-being through cognitive education","volume":"12","author":"Van Tonder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"R12-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104411.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104411","article-title":"Task analysis guidance for number of and readability of steps for individuals with intellectual disabilities","volume":"133","author":"Barnard-Brak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"R14-20250430","first-page":"23","article-title":"Augmenting upper and early-learning STEM lessons through phenomenon-based learning projects","author":"Kennedy","year":"2023","journal-title":"J High Educ Theory Pract"},{"key":"R15-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.5296\/jei.v8i2.20418","article-title":"Development of problem-solving abilities in science by inquiry-based learning with cooperative learning for grade 4 students","volume":"8","author":"Sukontawaree","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Educ Issues"},{"key":"R16-20250430","first-page":"10","article-title":"A framework for designing cognitive coaching personal learning network (CCPLN)","author":"Jongsermtrakoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Inf Educ Technol"},{"key":"R17-20250430","first-page":"1","article-title":"Teaching and learning process to enhance teaching effectiveness: A literature review","volume":"4","author":"Munna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Humanit Innov"},{"key":"R18-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1177\/01626434211054441","article-title":"Teaching physics to students with intellectual disabilities using digital learning objects","volume":"37","author":"Mallidis-Malessas","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Spec Educ Technol"},{"key":"R19-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5866.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11135866","article-title":"Indoor environmental quality towards classrooms\u2019 comfort level: Case study at Malaysian secondary school building","volume":"11","author":"Norazman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"R20-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10984-019-09289-8","article-title":"What you do is less important than how you do it: The effects of learning environment on student outcomes","volume":"23","author":"Bonem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Learn Environ Res"},{"key":"R21-20250430","first-page":"731","article-title":"The impact of problem-solving instruction on middle school students\u2019 physical science learning: Interplays of knowledge, reasoning, and problem-solving","volume":"14","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Math Sci Technol Educ"},{"key":"R23-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0313525.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0313525","article-title":"Nurturing humanism and professionalism in a clinical setting: A multicenter study to develop a framework for a learning module for clinical students","volume":"19","author":"Mustika","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R24-20250430","first-page":"23","article-title":"The development of a supervision model for educational institution quality development using professional learning community networks (PLCNs) in Thailand","author":"Wetchan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J High Educ Theory Pract"},{"key":"R25-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1352\/1934-9556-54.6.440","article-title":"Is it worth it? Benefits in research with adults with intellectual disability","volume":"54","author":"McDonald","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intellect Dev Disabil"},{"key":"R26-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.3390\/disabilities2040050","article-title":"\u201cI feel proud that with this app, we can help other people with intellectual disabilities\u201d: The role of an expert by experience digital inclusion citizen advisory panel","volume":"2","author":"Murphy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Disabilities"},{"key":"R27-20250430","first-page":"3","article-title":"An interdisciplinary approach to supporting the personal development of college students with an intellectual disability","volume":"3","author":"Smith Hill","year":"2024","journal-title":"Incl Prac"},{"key":"R28-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1177\/1744629518824895","article-title":"Intellectual disability and independent living: Professionals\u2019 views via a Delphi study","volume":"24","author":"Fullana","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil"},{"key":"R29-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558.","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci13060558","article-title":"Research and reality: A survey of educators\u2019 perceptions about evidence-based practices in inclusive settings for students with intellectual disabilities","volume":"3","author":"Casale-Giannola","year":"2023","journal-title":"Educ Sci"},{"key":"R30-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395.","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_545_22","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy as treatment intervention for aggressive behaviors in clients with intellectual disabilities and concomitant mental health conditions","volume":"11","author":"Orim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"key":"R31-20250430","first-page":"54","article-title":"Using task analysis to support inclusion and assessment in the classroom","author":"McConomy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Teach Except Child"},{"key":"R32-20250430","first-page":"1","article-title":"Influence of coaching teaching style on biology examinations in public secondary schools in Molo Sub-County, Kenya","volume":"11","author":"Koskei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open J Soc Sci"},{"key":"R33-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53.","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_992_22","article-title":"Language of actions: The effects of teacher\u2019s kinesics on student learning and learning environment","volume":"12","author":"Sajjad","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"}],"container-title":["Journal of Education and Health Promotion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jehp.jehp_13_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:45:12Z","timestamp":1787773512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jehp.jehp_13_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jehp.jehp_13_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2277-9531","2319-6440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2277-9531","type":"print"},{"value":"2319-6440","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-02","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-11","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}