{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:41:06Z","timestamp":1787240466765,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n An Indian medical graduate needs to be competent in the diagnosis and management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. This is crucial in terms of occupational safety. A participatory learning approach could be a possible way to change behavior and improve HIV risk assessment skills among medical students for better occupational safety and health care. The present study was planned to identify the need, provide different learning experiences for acquiring competency, and compare the effectiveness of participatory learning over traditional in developing HIV risk assessment skills.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n MATERIALS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n \n An educational interventional (randomized controlled trial) was carried out at GEMS and Hospital. Needs assessment survey was conducted, which identified HIV risk assessment as a key competency. For which the outcome-specific learning objectives were defined, two different learning experiences were employed. A pretest was conducted to assess the baseline knowledge and attitude (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 92); they were then divided into two equal groups (A and B). \u201cA\u201d group was taught by participatory approach, whereas \u201cB\u201d by traditional techniques followed by posttest and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) to assess their HIV risk assessment skills. Statistical analysis: Paired\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test for assessing knowledge and attitude within the same group and unpaired\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test for assessing skills between the two groups were used in this study.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n \n Statistically significant improvement (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) in knowledge and attitude scores was noticed that OSCE scores were significantly higher in the intervention group \u201cA\u201d (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) as compared to \u201cB\u201d taught by traditional techniques.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n Participatory learning effectively builds upon existing knowledge and attitude to develop better HIV risk assessment skills.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_159_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T12:47:54Z","timestamp":1713876474000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of participatory learning approach for developing competency of human immunodeficiency virus risk assessment skills among MBBS undergraduate students"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Syed Irfan","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, GEMS and Hospital, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarina","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, GEMS and Hospital, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Lakshmi","family":"Lalitha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, GEMS and Hospital, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Ganesh","family":"Kamath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh Kumar","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, GEMS and Hospital, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aruna Rani","family":"Behera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, GEMS and Hospital, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_166_19","article-title":"Medical Council of India's New Competency-Based Curriculum for Medical Graduates: A critical appraisal","volume":"41","author":"Jacob","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Psychol Med"},{"key":"R8-20250921","first-page":"153","article-title":"Anaesthesia and critical care for patients with HIV infection","volume":"5","author":"Prout","year":"2005","journal-title":"Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain"},{"key":"R9-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4103\/ajts.AJTS_147_16","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus\/acquired immune deficiency syndrome: A survey on the knowledge, attitude, and practice among medical professionals at a tertiary health-care institution in Uttarakhand, India","volume":"12","author":"Doda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian J Transfus Sci"},{"key":"R10-20250921","first-page":"62","article-title":"Study to assess awareness about HIV\/AIDS among medical students","volume":"3","author":"Biradar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Community Med Public Health"},{"key":"R11-20250921","first-page":"12","article-title":"Study of knowledge, attitude and behaviour pattern on HIV\/AIDS among medical students","volume":"48","author":"Puri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"R12-20250921","first-page":"13","article-title":"HIV-related knowledge and attitudes among first year medical students in Mumbai, India adolescents","volume":"9","author":"Samant","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Electron J Health Educ"},{"key":"R13-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-019-01405-9","article-title":"Sample size calculations for educational interventions: Principles and methods","volume":"66","author":"McConnell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"key":"R14-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1037\/stl0000021","article-title":"The applicability of visible learning to higher education","volume":"1","author":"Hattie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scholarsh Teach Learn Psychol"},{"key":"R17-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2001.02299.x","article-title":"Improving physicians\u2019 HIV risk-assessment skills using announced and unannounced standardized patients","volume":"16","author":"Epstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"R18-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.5195\/ijms.2016.160","article-title":"Participatory learning of medical students through development of innovative training modules for community health workers","volume":"4","author":"Ramesh Bogam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Med Stud"},{"key":"R19-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0202769","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202769","article-title":"The impact of participatory teaching methods on medical students\u2019 perception of their abilities and knowledge of epidemiology and statistics","volume":"13","author":"Rubio","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R20-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_751_20","article-title":"Effectiveness of an educational intervention using theory of planned behavior on health care empowerment among married reproductive-age women: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Sabouri","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"key":"R21-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_476_19","article-title":"A problem-based learning health literacy intervention program on improving health-promoting behaviors among girl students","volume":"8","author":"Karimi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"key":"R22-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-113-10-740","article-title":"Risk for occupational transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) associated with clinical exposures. 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