{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:25:26Z","timestamp":1787775926944,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Traumatic dental injuries of primary teeth are considered as dental emergencies and public health problems because of the higher global prevalence. Dental literature in regard to optimal treatment options for periodontal injuries of primary teeth (luxation injuries) is quite limited and perplexing in terms of treatment outcomes\/prognosis due to several relevant factors. To date, there has been no systematic review published in context of exploring and analyzing the unfavorable outcomes\/adverse effects of splinting the luxated primary teeth and its effect on permanent successors teeth. Hence, the current systematic review (SR) was conducted with the aim to systematically explore and appraise the literature about the unfavorable outcomes of splinting of primary teeth with luxation injuries. This SR was conducted as per PRISMA guidelines and PICO format of review question and literature search. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Thirty-two articles were included in this review for critical appraisal. The quality of included articles was analyzed by JBI critical appraisal checklist. The majority of case reports (CRs) revealed unfavorable outcomes (mostly for lateral luxation and extrusion) followed by retrospective studies (RSs), which reported both favorable and unfavorable outcomes\/sequelae after splinting. The most common adverse outcomes of splinting in luxation injuries were crown discoloration, pathological root resorption, and pulp necrosis in affected primary teeth, which were mainly reported by CR and RS articles. Adverse sequelae on permanent successor teeth including incomplete eruption, hypocalcified defects, enamel hypoplasia, displaced permanent tooth germ, and dentigerous cyst have mainly been reported by only a few case reports.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_164_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T02:33:27Z","timestamp":1746066807000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adverse effects of splinting of luxated primary teeth: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Kamran","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics, I.T.S. Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Greater Noida (Delhi-NCR), India"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Aligarh Muslim University (A.M.U.), Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India"},{"name":"Private Practice, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahendra K.","family":"Jindal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12389","article-title":"World traumatic dental injury prevalence and incidence, a meta-analysis-One billion living people have had traumatic dental injuries","volume":"34","author":"Petti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"R2-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0172235.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172235","article-title":"Impact of traumatic dental injuries on oral health-related quality of life of preschool children: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Borges","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R3-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12066","article-title":"Socioeconomic, behavioral, and anthropometric risk factors for traumatic dental injuries in childhood: A cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Feldens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"R5-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12147","article-title":"Prevalence and complications of trauma to the primary dentition in a subpopulation of Spanish children in southern Europe","volume":"31","author":"Mendoza-Mendoza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"R6-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12262","article-title":"Traumatic dental injuries in the primary dentition: A 15-year bibliometric analysis of dental traumatology","volume":"32","author":"Kramer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"R7-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12183","article-title":"Prevalence of traumatic dental injuries and associated factors among preschool children in Amman, Jordan","volume":"31","author":"Elkarmi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"R8-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12640","article-title":"The prevalence of traumatic dental injuries in primary teeth: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Patnana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"R9-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ebd.6401297","article-title":"One billion people have experienced a traumatic dental injury","volume":"19","author":"Richards","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid Based Dent"},{"key":"R10-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2019.12.001","article-title":"Outcomes of luxation injuries to primary teeth-A systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Goswami","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Oral Biol Craniofac Res"},{"key":"R11-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1371","article-title":"Management and sequelae of intruded anterior primary teeth: A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Gurunathan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"R12-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.25301\/JPDA.282.85","article-title":"Traumatic dental injuries in children: The controversies of managing primary tooth luxation injuries","volume":"28","author":"Lai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pak Dent Assoc"},{"key":"R13-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12858","article-title":"Critical appraisal of the 2020 IADT Guidelines: A personal commentary","volume":"39","author":"Philip","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"R14-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12.","DOI":"10.1007\/s41894-020-00075-x","article-title":"Management of primary tooth luxation injuries","volume":"4","author":"Slayton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Dent Rev"},{"key":"R15-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2012.01146.x","article-title":"International association of dental traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 3. 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