{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T10:12:45Z","timestamp":1784542365625,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Breast cancer survivors (BCSs) often face chronic adverse effects besides pain and pain catastrophizing (PC), including anxiety and depression. To understand how cognitive processes influence mental health outcomes in this population, it is important to investigate the relationship between PC and symptoms of anxiety and depression. This study aimed to explore the relationship between PC with anxiety and depression in BCS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MATERIALS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 205 Iranian women with breast cancer participated (Mean = 43.55, SD = 4.92). They were gathered from two hospitals using a continuous sampling technique. The data were obtained by using four questionnaires, including a sociodemographic and disease information questionnaire, pain catastrophizing scale (PCS), Hamilton Anxiety Inventory (HAI), and Beck Depression Inventory \u2013 Short Form (BDI-s).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Most participants (76.1%) reported low levels of PC, while 39.0% and 22.9% had high levels of depression and anxiety, respectively. Strong positive correlations were observed between these variables. PC was significantly correlated with depression (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.80,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and anxiety (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.77,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Similarly, depression was strongly associated with anxiety (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.84,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study confirms evidence that when there is more severe PC, greater levels of anxiety and depression are observed due to the presence of pain, cancer diagnosis, and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_212_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T10:47:31Z","timestamp":1782816451000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the role of pain catastrophizing in anxiety and depression among breast cancer survivors"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Reza","family":"Akbarzade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arman","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phd Candidate in Nursing, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Bakhtiari-Dovvombaygi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Ehsani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260720","first-page":"227","article-title":"Epidemiological study of breast cancer in Iran: A micro review study","volume":"2","author":"Saedi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eurasian J Sci Technol"},{"key":"R2-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_263_23","article-title":"Designing a virtual breast cancer prevention program for Iranian women: A study protocol","volume":"13","author":"Naseri","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"key":"R3-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.30699\/ijbd.15.2.4","article-title":"Trend of breast cancer incidence in Iran during a fifteen-year interval according to national cancer registry reports","volume":"15","author":"Haghighat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iran J Breast Dis"},{"key":"R4-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2018.08.105","article-title":"Prevalence of pain in patients with breast cancer post-treatment: A systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"R5-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000862","article-title":"Mechanisms of mindfulness meditation, cognitive therapy, and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for chronic low back pain","volume":"36","author":"Day","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"R6-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16030568","article-title":"Pain catastrophizing in cancer patients","volume":"16","author":"Mercadante","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"R7-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint16030036","article-title":"Pain catastrophizing: How far have we come","volume":"16","author":"Simic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurol Int"},{"key":"R8-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_1534_23","article-title":"Survey situation of mental health of pregnant women with breast cancer: A systematic review study","volume":"14","author":"Khademi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"key":"R9-20260720","first-page":"18","article-title":"Comparison of stress coping attitudes in caregivers for cancer and non-cancer patients on palliative care","volume":"12","author":"\u0130nci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Paliatywna\/Palliative Med"},{"key":"R10-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.7.4.524","article-title":"The pain catastrophizing scale: Development and validation","volume":"7","author":"Sullivan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"R11-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x","article-title":"The assessment of anxiety states by rating","volume":"32","author":"Hamilton","year":"1959","journal-title":"Br J Med Psychol"},{"key":"R12-20260720","article-title":"Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects","author":"Beck","year":"1967","journal-title":"Hoeber Medical Division, Harper and Row"},{"key":"R13-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0303775","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0303775","article-title":"The role of pain self-efficacy and pain catastrophising in the relationship between chronic pain and depression: A moderated mediation model","volume":"19","author":"Kardash","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R14-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29405","article-title":"Pain catastrophizing and quality of life in adults with chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"131","author":"Kazi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"R15-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04001-5","article-title":"Functional improvement in hip pathology is related to improvement in anxiety, depression, and pain catastrophizing: An intricate link between physical and mental well-being","volume":"22","author":"Gudmundsson","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"R16-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105317736577","article-title":"Somatic symptom presentations in women with fibromyalgia are differentially associated with elevated depression and anxiety","volume":"25","author":"Hadlandsmyth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"key":"R17-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1994","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the associations of elements of the fear-avoidance model of chronic pain with negative affect, depression, anxiety, pain-related disability and pain intensity","volume":"26","author":"Rogers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"R18-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13136","article-title":"Catastrophising, pain self-efficacy and acceptance in patients with burning mouth syndrome","volume":"48","author":"Chana","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"R19-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2939","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S377789","article-title":"Loneliness and pain catastrophizing among individuals with chronic pain: The mediating role of depression","volume":"15","author":"Wilson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"R20-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e98949","DOI":"10.5812\/ijcm.98949","article-title":"Predicting pain catastrophizing of women with breast cancer based on perceived injustice and past time perspective","volume":"13","author":"Alizadeh-Fard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cancer Manag"},{"key":"R21-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02766-6","article-title":"Chronic pain in female breast cancer survivors - prevalence, characteristics and contributing factors: a cross-sectional pilot study","volume":"23","author":"Shabangu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"R22-20260720","first-page":"210","article-title":"The relationship between depression, anxiety, and pain catastrophising in cancer patients","volume":"12","author":"\u0130nci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medycyna Paliatywna\/Palliative Med"},{"key":"R23-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0287372","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0287372","article-title":"Global depression in breast cancer patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Javan","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R24-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2019.937","article-title":"Depression and quality of life in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies","volume":"13","author":"Trinca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecancermedicalscience"},{"key":"R25-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3433","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2021.22.11.3433","article-title":"Depression and sleep quality among Iranian women with breast cancer","volume":"22","author":"Shorofi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"}],"container-title":["Journal of Education and Health Promotion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/jehp.jehp_212_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T10:00:51Z","timestamp":1784541651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/jehp.jehp_212_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jehp.jehp_212_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2277-9531","2319-6440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2277-9531","type":"print"},{"value":"2319-6440","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-04","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-29","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}