{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:20:40Z","timestamp":1787847640584,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Decayed and periodontal diseases are among the most common diseases in societies. Hormonal and nutritional changes provide predisposing conditions for gum disease and decay in pregnant mothers. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and dental plaque and caries in pregnant women in Hamadan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS AND MATERIAL:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This research was a case-control study in pregnant women referred to health centers in Hamadan city in 2022. The case group included 110 pregnant women whose GDM was confirmed based on paraclinical symptoms and met the inclusion criteria. The control group included 110 pregnant women who did not have GDM. The data collection method was interview and examination. The data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of three parts. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) were determined according to the guidelines of the World Health Organization and microbial plaque using bacterial plaque indicator tablets in case and control groups. Statistical calculations were performed using SPSS software version 20 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test and K-squared test), and a significance level of 0.05 was considered.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the present study, the average DMFT index in the case and control groups was 5.8 and 4.4, respectively, which showed a significant difference in the case and control groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). The average number of decayed in the case and control groups was 4.81 and 3.49, respectively, which indicated a significant difference in the number of decayed in both groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). The average plaque index in the case and control groups was 57.46 and 38.46, respectively, which indicated a significant difference between the case and control groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>According to the study findings, it is necessary to plan for education and increase awareness in society to observe oral and dental hygiene and correct nutritional style.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_2146_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T09:00:11Z","timestamp":1780045211000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigating the relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus and the amount of dental plaque and decayed in pregnant women in Hamadan: A case-control study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Erfan","family":"Shafiei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safoura","family":"Taheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azita","family":"Tiznobaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mother and Child Care Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Shirinzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghodratollah","family":"Roshanaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260529","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2018.05.015","article-title":"Oral-health-related quality of life in children and 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