{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:51:05Z","timestamp":1791312665203,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetes mellitus significantly impacts health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Data from urban primary care settings in South India remain limited. This study assessed HRQoL among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and identified demographic and clinical determinants associated with EuroQol five-dimension five level (EQ-5D-5L) index and EQ visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MATERIALS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted (April\u2013July 2025) at the urban health training center (UHTC), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 279 T2DM patients (aged \u226518 years) were enrolled using consecutive sampling. HRQoL was assessed using the licensed Tamil and English EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. Data were analyzed using R software; Chi-square tests and independent\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests were applied (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean EQ-5D-5L index was 0.63 \u00b1 0.37 and EQ-VAS was 72.6 \u00b1 18.0. Pain\/discomfort (52.1%) and anxiety\/depression (43.2%) were the most affected dimensions. Microvascular complications (neuropathy\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001; nephropathy\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001; retinopathy\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003), longer disease duration (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), hospitalization (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), and lower income (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003) were significantly associated with poorer HRQoL.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pain\/discomfort and psychological distress are the most impaired HRQoL domains in urban South Indian T2DM patients. Microvascular complications, longer disease duration, hospitalization, and lower socioeconomic status are key determinants. These findings support integrating HRQoL monitoring within primary care non-communicable diseases (NCD) programmers under the National Programmed for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_27_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T13:01:46Z","timestamp":1788181306000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Health-related quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using EuroQol five-dimension five level: A cross-sectional study from an urban health training center, Coimbatore, India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Suganathan","family":"Soundararajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Senthil","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merlin","family":"Veronika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. L. Ravi","family":"Shankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramakrishnan","family":"Nanjundan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20261006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2932","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1627_21","article-title":"Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in India","volume":"69","author":"Pradeepa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20261006","first-page":"e88359","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"17","author":"Wali","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R3-20261006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-022-01986-y","article-title":"Quality of life and factors associated with a good quality of life among diabetes mellitus patients in northern Thailand","volume":"20","author":"Tamornpark","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"R4-20261006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050312120965314","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312120965314","article-title":"Health-related quality of life and its associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"8","author":"Zare","year":"2020","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"key":"R5-20261006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-023-02164-2","article-title":"Evaluation of the health-related quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes in relation to macrovascular and microvascular complications","volume":"60","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"R6-20261006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4360804","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4360804","article-title":"Effects of diabetic complications on health-related quality of life impairment in vietnamese patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"2020","author":"Pham","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"R7-20261006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-020-1277-8","article-title":"The quality of life of the patients with diabetes type 2 using EQ-5D-5L in Birjand","volume":"18","author":"Abedini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"R8-20261006","first-page":"e63320","article-title":"Assessment of quality of life among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in an urban health center of Tiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu","volume":"16","author":"Rex","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R9-20261006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002","article-title":"The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). 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