{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:27:46Z","timestamp":1787761666309,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Genus\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Galanthus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Amaryllidaceae) is an early spring flowering bulbous plant.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Galanthus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species contain alkaloids that have shown pharmacological activity. Galanthamine is an alkaloid that was extracted from\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Galanthus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and other Amaryllidaceae. Owing to its acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity, galanthamine is used and marketed to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of the present study, while introducing the botanical and pharmacological characteristics and various aspects of the medicinal plant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Galanthus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , is to emphasize the effect of this plant in the treatment of AD. In this web-based study in 2021, articles indexed in scientific databases in English language, including ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus, MedLib, Medknow, SID, ISC, and also articles and e-books published in Springer, Elsevier, John Wiley and Sons, and Taylor and Francis were evaluated from 1990 to 2021, using the following keywords: \u201c\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Galanthus<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u201d \u201cgalanthamine,\u201d \u201cAlzheimer's disease.\u201d Amaryllidaceae-type alkaloids possess an anticholinesterase activity. The most studied\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Galanthus<\/jats:italic>\n                    alkaloid, galanthamine, is a long-acting, selective, reversible, competitive inhibitor of AChE and an allosteric modulator of the neuronal nicotinic receptor for acetylcholine (ACh). Owing to its AChE inhibitory activity, galanthamine is used to treat certain stages of AD. Galantamine can act as a parasympathomimetic agent, especially as a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. Galantamine is not structurally associated with other AChE inhibitors. Hence, its proposed mechanism of action involves the reversible inhibition of AChE, preventing hydrolysis of ACh that results in an increased concentration of ACh at cholinergic synapses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_451_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T05:17:05Z","timestamp":1682659025000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Therapeutic and medicinal effects of snowdrop (Galanthus spp.) in Alzheimer's disease: A review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Marzieh","family":"Babashpour-Asl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticultural Science, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parvin Sajadi","family":"kaboudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shekufe Rezghi","family":"Barez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240829","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nerinine and homolycorine, amaryllidaceae alkaloids from the bulbs of Galanthus transcaucasicus Fomin","volume":"4","author":"Babashpour-Asl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res J Pharmacogn"},{"key":"R2-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200600504","article-title":"Self-assembled 3D flowerlike iron oxide nanostructures and their application in water treatment","volume":"18","author":"Zhong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Mat Res"},{"key":"R3-20240829","first-page":"1","article-title":"In vitro production of bulblet in Galanthus transcaucasicus Fomin, an endangered medicinal plant","volume":"6","author":"Babashpour-Asl","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Plant Physiol Breed"},{"key":"R4-20240829","first-page":"1035","article-title":"Alkaloids of Galanthus woronovii III. 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